The Physical Layer

This chapter covers some of the most important aspects of the Physical Layer of the protocol stack related to the study of WSNs. The chapter is not meant to cover available communication technologies, such as modulation techniques, noise and interference issues, and the like. Rather the chapter provides the reader with basic understanding of some fundamental concepts that are useful for later sections and chapters, such as wireless channel propagation models, energy consumption models, and sensing and error models in WSNs.