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Role of Stromal Variables in Development and Progression of Colorectal Cancer

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Colorectal Cancer

Part of the book series: Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis ((HAYAT,volume 4))

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Majority of cancer researchers have concentrated their efforts on tumor cells themselves to study tumor biology, morphology, and functions during tumor development and progression. However, tumor stromal variables, such as blood and lymph vessels, various stromal cells and proteins around tumor cells, have not drawn enough attention although they are at least equally important in tumor development, progression, and even tumor therapy. Tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are the processes for formation of new blood or lymph vessels within and around tumor mass. Stromal cells consist of various cell types such as infiltrating immune cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex structural entity around the tumor cells, and often referred to connective tissue or ground substance. The ECM is composed of three major classes of structural proteins (collagen and elastin), specialized proteins (fibrillin, fibronectin and laminin) and pro-teoglycans (van den Hooff, 1988).

It is of importance to understand the role of stromal variables in tumor development and progression in order to design appropriate therapy against angiogenesis and other stromal proteinases. Based on the knowledge gained from this field, a number of anti-angiogenesis elements and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) inhibitors have been recently developed for clinical trials. Inactivation of stromal proteins inhibits angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Consequently, this can stabilize and inhibit the tumor growth. In addition, stromal cells, compared to the tumor cells, are unlikely to develop drug resistance, although some stromal proteins are tumor-derived. In ger-enal, most of the stromal proteins are the products of stromal cells. One of the problems with traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy is that they indiscriminately affect both growing normal and tumor tissue. Therefore, a therapy targeted to the stromal will minimize the side-effects of anti-cancer therapy. Several characteristics of stromal variables make them to be attractive therapeutic targets.

In this chapter, we focus on clinicopathological aspects of tumor stromal variables, such as angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, inflammatory infiltration, and particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine rich proteins (PINCH) and stromelysin-3 (ST3) in colorectal cancer (CRC).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Linköping, Linköping, S-58185, Sweden

    Xiao-Feng Sun

  2. Department of Dermatology, University of Linköping, Linköping, S-58185, Sweden

    Hong Zhang

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  1. Xiao-Feng Sun
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  2. Hong Zhang
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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, Union, NJ, USA

    M. A. Hayat

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Sun, XF., Zhang, H. (2009). Role of Stromal Variables in Development and Progression of Colorectal Cancer. In: Hayat, M.A. (eds) Colorectal Cancer. Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis, vol 4. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9545-0_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9545-0_11

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