Abstract
The reform of quality assurance systems has been one of the most important reform areas in the Bologna process and has in many countries been tied to the transition to a two-cycle structure of higher education programmes and degrees. While the “promotion of European co-operation in quality assurance with a view to developing comparable criteria and methodologies” (Bologna Declaration 1999) was an explicit aim of the Bologna process early on and in fact one of the six action lines agreed to in the Bologna Declaration, national reforms in this area were – as I will show in this chapter – driven by considerations other than creating comparable systems of quality assurance throughout Europe.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Akkreditierungsrat. Referenzrahmen für Bachelor-/Bakkalaureus- und Master-/Magister-Studiengänge. Beschlüsse des Akkreditierungsrates. Bonn: Akkreditierungsrat, 2001.
Akkreditierungsrat. Kritterien für die Systemakkreditierung. Beschlossen am 08.10.2007, geändert am 29.02.2008. Drs. AR 11/2008, Bonn: Akkreditierungsrat, 2008.
Alderman, G. “Into Focus: A Week After John Randall’s Resignation From the QAA, Geoffrey Alderman Looks at the Objectives of the Russell Group.” Guardian. 29 August 2001.
Barraud, P. and S. Mignot-Gérard. “The Implementation of the Bachelor–Master Study Structure in French Universities: A European Reform in the Hands of Academic Tribes.” Paper presented at the Second International Euredocs Conference, Rokkan Center, Bergen, 20–21 May 2005.
Bergen Communiqué. The European Higher Education Area – Achieving the Goals. Bergen: Communiqué of the Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education, 19–20 May 2005.
Berlin Communiqué. Realising the European Higher Education Area. Berlin: Communiqué of the Conference of Ministers Responsible for Higher Education, 19 September 2003.
Bieri, S., H. Brinkman, E. Mayer, K. Osterwalder and W. Schulze. Bericht der Gutachtergruppe “Evaluation des Akkreditierungsrates”. Freiburg im Breisgau: HRK/KMK, 2001.
Bologna Declaration. The European Higher Education Area: Joint Declaration of the European Ministers of Education. Bologna, 19 June 1999.
Brennan, J. and R. Williams. “Accreditation and Related Regulatory Matters in the United Kingdom.” In Schwarz, S. and D. Westerheijden (eds). Accreditation and Evaluation in the European Higher Education Area. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004,465–490.
Chevaillier, T. “The Changing Role of the State in French Higher Education: From Curriculum Control to Programme Accreditation.” In Schwarz, S. and D. Westerheijden (eds). Accreditation and Evaluation in the European Higher Education Area. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, 159–174.
CNE (Comité National d’Evaluation des Etablissements Publics à Charactère Scientifique, Culturel et Professionnel). Les Magistères. Rapport d’évaluation. Paris: CNE, 1995.
Crozier, F., B. Curvale and F. Hénard. Quality Convergence Study: A Contribution to the Debates on Quality and Convergence in the European Higher Education Area. ENQA Occasional Papers 7. Helsinki: European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education, 2005.
The Danish Evaluation Institute. Quality Procedures in European Higher Education: An ENQA Survey. ENQA Occasional Papers 5. Helsinki: European Network for Quality Assurance in Higher Education, 2003.
Dearing Report (National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education). Higher Education in the Learning Society. London: HMSO, 1997.
Décret no. 99–747 du 30 août 1999 relatif à la création du grade de mastaire. MENS9901656D, 1999.
Décret no. 2001–295 du 4 avril 2001 portant création de la commission d’évaluation des formations et diplômes de gestion. MENS0003290D, 2001.
ENQA. Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area. Helsinki: European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education, 2005.
European Commission. Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the Implementation of the Council Recommendation 98/561/EC of 24 September 1998 on European Cooperation in Quality Assurance in Higher Education. COM(2004) 620 final. Brussels: European Commission, 30 September 2004a.
European Commission. Proposal for a Recommendation of the Council and of the European Parliament on Further European Cooperation in Quality Assurance in Higher Education. COM(2004) 642 final, 2004/0239 (COD). Brussels: European Commission, 12 October2004b.
European Council. “Council Recommendation of 24 September 1998 on European Cooperation in Quality Assurance in Higher Education.” Official Journal L 270/56 (98/561/EC). Brussels: European Council, 7 October 1998.
European Council. “Presidency Conclusions: Barcelona European Council.” SN 100/1/02 REV 1. Brussels: European Council, 15–16 March 2002.
European Parliament and Council. “Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 February 2006 on Further European Cooperation in Quality Assurance in Higher Education.” Official Journal of the European Union L 64/60 (2006/143/EC), 4 March 2006.
Findlay, P. “Accreditation at the Institutional Level – The British Experience.” In HRK (ed.). Evaluation – ein Bestandteil des Qualitätsmanagements an Hochschulen. Bonn: Hochschulrektorenkonferenz, 2004, 89–99.
Furedi, F. “Agency of Change: The Resignation of John Randall at the QAA Will Alter Little in the Academic World, Argues Frank Furedi.” Guardian. 28 August 2001.
Harvey, L. and S. Mason. The Role of Professional Bodies in Higher Education Quality Monitoring. Birmingham: Quality in Higher Education Project, 1995.
HLPF (High Level Policy Forum). UK Position Statement on the Bologna Process: Berlin Ministerial Summit 18–19 September. London: Universities UK, 2003.
HRK. Akkreditierungsverfahren: Entschließung des 185. Plenums vom 6. Juli 1998. HRK Plenary Decision. Bonn: Hochschulrektorenkonferenz, 1998.
HRK. Hochschulkompass, http://www.hochschulkompass.de, retrieved on 03 August 2008.. Bonn: Hochschulrektorenkonferenz, August 2008.
ISO (Interstedelijk Studenten Overleg). In het slechtste geval: ISO-notitie over het accreditatiestelsel. Utrecht: Interstedelijk Studenten Overleg, May 2004.
KMK. Einführung eines Akkreditierungsverfahrens für Bachelor-/Bakkalaureus- und Master-/Magisterstudiengänge. Beschluss der Kultusministerkonferenz vom 03. 12. 1998. Bonn: Kultusministerkonferenz, 1998.
KMK. 295. Plenarsitzung der Kultusministerkonferenz am 18./19. Oktober 2001 in Stuttgart. KMK press release. Bonn: Kultusministerkonferenz, 2001.
KMK. Statut für ein länder- und hochschulübergreifendes Akkreditierungsverfahren. Beschluss der Kultusministerkonferenz vom 24. 05. 2002. Bonn: Kultusministerkonferenz, 2002a.
KMK. Künftige Entwicklung der länder- und hochschulübergreifenden Qualitätssicherung in Deutschland. Beschluss der Kultusministerkonferenz vom 01. 03. 2002. Bonn: Kultusministerkonferenz, 2002b.
KMK. Einführung der Systemakkreditierung. Beschluss der Kultusministerkonferenz vom 13.12.2007. Bonn: Kultusministerkonferenz, 2007.
Krücken, G., with J. Bunzmann, L. Hürter, M. Kandzorra, K. Kloke, J. Körnert, S. Ludwig, B. Podolšak and Y. Prill. Hochschulen im Wettbewerb. Eine Untersuchung am Beispiel der Einführung von Bachelor- und Masterstudiengängen an deutschen Universitäten. Lehrforschungsprojekt – Report. Bielefeld: Department of Sociology, University of Bielefeld, 2005.
Lang, J. Orientations pédagogiques pour l’enseignement supérieur. Intervention de Jack Lang, ministre de l’éducation nationale au CNESER, 2001. Retrieved 14 June 2004 from http://www.education.gouv.fr/discours/2001/orientsup.htm.
Mayntz, R. and F. Scharpf. “Der Ansatz des akteurszentrierten Institutionalismus.” In Mayntz, R. and F. Scharpf (eds). Soziale Dynamik und politische Steuerung. Frankfurt a. M.: Campus, 1995, 39–72.
MEN (Ministère de l’éducation nationale). Construction de l’espace européen de l’enseignement supérieur: Document de réflexion. Nouvelles orientations pédagogiques: constat d’étape. Paris: Ministère de l’éducation nationale, 17 July 2001. Retrieved 24 March 2004 from http://www.amue.fr/Telecharger/note_orientation_juillet_C3ES.pdf.
MEN (Ministère de l’éducation nationale). “Vague contractuelle 2003: Campagne d’habilitation à délivrer les diplômes nationaux.” Demichel, F., Circular letter. Paris: Ministère de la jeunesse, de l’éducation nationale et de la recherche, 26 July 2002a.
MEN (Ministère de l’éducation nationale). Vague contractuelle 2003: Mise en œuvre du schéma licence-master-doctorat (LMD). Monteil, J.-M., Circular letter. Paris: Ministère de la jeunesse, de l’éducation nationale et de la recherche, 14 November 2002b.
MOCenW. Ontwerp-HOOP (Hoger Onderwijs en Onderzoeksplan) 2000. Zoetermeer/Den Haag: Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, 1999.
MOCenW. Keur aan Kwaliteit. Notitie, Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal, Kamerstuk 26807, Nr. 19, Vergaderjaar 1999–2000. Den Haag: Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, 2000a.
MOCenW. HOOP (Hoger Onderwijs en Onderzoekplan) 2000. Zoetermeer/Den Haag: Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, 2000b.
Musselin, C. The Long March of French Universities. New York: Routledge Falmer, 2004.
Musselin, C. “Les paradoxes de Bologne: l’enseignement supérieur français face à un double processus de normalisation et de diversification.” In Leresche, J.-Ph., M. Benninghoff, F. Crettaz von Roten and M. Merz (eds). La fabrique des sciences. Lausanne: Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes, 2006, 25–42.
Neave, G. On Stakeholders, Cheshire Cats and Seers: Changing Visions of the University. Inaugural Lecture. Enschede: CHEPS/University of Twente, 2002.
Nickel, S. Anforderungen an die Weiterentwicklung des Akkreditierungssystems aus Sicht des CHE. Gütersloh: Centrum für Hochschulentwicklung, 2006a.
Nickel, S. “Qualitätsmanagement.” In Pellert, A. (ed.). Einführung in das Hochschul- und Wissenschaftsmanagement: Ein Leitfaden für Theorie und Praxis. Bonn: Lemmens, 2006b, 47–63.
North, D.C. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Onderwijsraad. Invoering Bachelor-Master systeem in het hoger onderwijs. Advice. Commissie Rinnooy Kan, 5 July 2000. Adviesnr. 20000417/528. Den Haag: Onderwijsraad, 2000.
Prague Communiqué. Towards the European Higher Education Area. Prague: Communiqué of the Meeting of European Ministers in Charge of Higher Education, 19 May 2001.
QAA. Framework for Higher Education Qualifications in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Gloucester: Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education, 2001.
QAA. Handbook for Institutional Audit: England. Gloucester: Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education, 2002.
QAA. A Brief Guide to Quality Assurance in UK Higher Education. Gloucester: Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education, 2003a.
QAA. Learning From Subject Review 1993–2001: Sharing Good Practice. Gloucester: Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education, 2003b.
Report Committee Review Degrees. Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice: Possible Degrees for a Binary System. Den Haag: NVAO, 2005.
Rüttgers, Jürgen. Hochschulen für das 21. Jahrhundert. Strategiepapier (“Rüttgers-Papier”). Bonn: Bundesministerium für Bildung, Forschung, Wissenschaft und Technologie, 1997.
Scharpf, F. Games Real Actors Play: Actor-centered Institutionalism in Policy Research. Oxford: Westview Press, 1997.
Scheele, Ko. “Licence to Kill” : About Accreditation Issues and James Bond. Utrecht: Inspectie van het Onderwijs, 2004.
Schwarz, S. and D.F. Westerheijden (eds). Accreditation and Evaluation in the European Higher Education Area. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.
SNESUP (Syndicat National de l’Enseignement Supérieur). “‘LMD’: Après les ‘retours’ de la DES …” 9 April 2004. Retrieved 18 May 2004 from http://www.snesup.fr/docs/motions/mot04-0409-bn-lmd.htm.
Staatsblad. “Wet van 6 juni 2002 tot wijziging van onder meer de Wet op het hoger onderwijs en wetenschappelijk onderzoek in verband met de invoering van accreditatie in het hoger onderwijs.” Staatsblad van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden. 302, 2002.
Toens, K. "Modes of governance in German study reform politics: Examining transformative change before the Bologna-process", in: Jakobi, A. K. Martens, and K.-D. Wolf (eds.), Governance of Education – Rediscovering a neglected field for Political Science, New York/London: Routledge, 2009.
Tweede Kamer. “Hoger Onderwijs en Onderzoek Plan 2000: Brief van de Minister van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschappen.” Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal, vergaderjaar 1999–2000. 26807, nr. 2. ’s-Gravenhage: Sdu Uitgevers, 1999.
UNEF (Union Nationale des Étudiants de France – le syndicat étudiant). “‘Reforme LMD’: Menace sur les universities, dangers pour les étudiants, 2004.” Paris, 2004. Retrieved 12 January 2004 from http://www.unef.fr.
Witte, J. Change of Degrees and Degrees of Change: Comparing Adaptations of European Higher Education Systems in the Context of the Bologna Process. Doctoral thesis. Enschede: CHEPS/University of Twente, 2006.
Witte, J., “The changing political framework of quality assurance in German higher education: National Debates in European Context.” In: Beso, A., Bollaert, L., Curvale, B., Toft Jensen, H., Harvey, L., Helle, E., Maguire, B., Mikkola, A. and Sursock, A. (Eds.): Implementing and Using Quality Assurance: Strategy and Practice. A selection of papers from the 2nd European Quality Assurance Forum. 48–52, Brussels: European University Association, 2008a.
Witte, J. “Aspired convergence, cherished diversity: Dealing with the contradictions of Bologna”. Tertiary Education and Management 14 (2), 81–93, 2008b.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Witte, J. (2009). Parallel Universes and Common Themes: Reforms of Curricular Governance in The Bologna Context. In: Amaral, A., Neave, G., Musselin, C., Maassen, P. (eds) European Integration and the Governance of Higher Education and Research. Higher Education Dynamics, vol 26. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9505-4_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9505-4_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-9504-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-9505-4
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawEducation (R0)