Types of Wastewater Treated in HF Constructed Wetlands

Constructed wetlands have long been used primarily for treatment of municipal or domestic wastewaters. However, at present, constructed wetlands are used for wide variety of pollution, including agricultural and industrial wastewaters, various runoff waters and landfill leachate (Kadlec and Knight, 1996; Vymazal et al., 1998a; Kadlec et al., 2000; Vymazal, 2006b; see also Table 1-1).

In the following section we try to summarize the major types of wastewaters which have been treated in HF constructed wetlands. Wastewaters and polluted waters are divided into five major groups: municipal/domestic, industrial and agricultural wastewaters, runoff waters and landfill leachate. Agroindustrial wastewaters such as those from wineries, distilleries, food and meat processing are included in industrial wastewaters despite these wastewaters are produced during processing agricultural products. Separate section deals with Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals which may occur in many various types of wastewater. The text does not deal with constructed wetlands for sludge dewatering.