The internal skeleton of extinct belemnoids consists of the phragmocone (Fig. 14.1) and the rostrum. The rostrum covers the posterior part of the phragmocone and acts as a counterweight that brings the animal into a horizontal swimming position. Structural elements of the phragmocone are the septal-siphonal complex and the conotheca (phragmocone wall). If the proostracum (Fig. 14.1), the anterior dorsal projection of the phragmocone, is also part of the phragmocone or an independent development, is currently under discussion. The proostracum is usually considered to be the dorsal remnant of the body chamber inherited from ectocochlean ancestors (Crick, 1896; Naef, 1922; Jeletzky, 1966; Doyle and Shakides, 2004). Rostral layers (primordial rostrum + rostrum) and the mural parts of the septa do not belong to the conotheca proper.
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Fuchs, D., Keupp, H., Mitta, V., Engeser, T. (2007). Ultrastructural Analyses on the Conotheca of the Genus Belemnotheutis (Belemnitida: Coleoidea). In: Landman, N.H., Davis, R.A., Mapes, R.H. (eds) Cephalopods Present and Past: New Insights and Fresh Perspectives. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6806-5_14
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