Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Cancer Growth and Progression ((CAGP,volume 11))

Abstract

This overview chapter reviews the complex interrelationship between the immune system, cell proliferation and cancer. There exist, in essence, two opposite actions of the immune system with regard to tumor development: immune suppression of neoplasia (commonly: immune surveillance) and immune stimulation of tumor growth. In addition, there exists experimental evidence that certain tumors of the immune system itself (e.g. malignant lymphomas) may be caused by inadequate function of the immune system itself, i.e. by dysregulation. On the basis of examples for the latter, and outlook is finally provided of how techniques of computational simulation of such regulatory pathways can contribute to the study of immunology and tumor induction and growth.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abramova J, Majsky A, Koutecky J (1981) HLA Antigene bei germinativen Tumoren von verschiedener Lokalisation. Onkologie 4:19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Actor JK (2007) Elsevier’s integrated immunology and microbiology. Mosby Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp 45–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed A, Smith AH, Folks T (1979) Murine T cell heterogeneity. Cancer Treat Rep 63:613.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander P (1975) Escape from immune control by the shedding of membrane antigens: influence on metastatic behavior of tumor cells. In: Gottlieb AA et al. (eds) Fundamental aspects of neoplasia. Springer, NY, pp 101–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander P, Eccles SA, Gauci CLL (1976) The significance of macrophages in human and experimental tumors. Ann N.Y.A.S 276:124.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allison AC (1970) Tumor development following immunosuppression. Proc Roy Soc Med 63:1077.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong MYK, Gleichmann E, Gleichmann H, Beldotti L, Andre-Schwartz J (1970) Chronic allogeneic disease. II. Development of lymphomas. J Exp Med 132:417.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong MYK, Ruddle NH, Lipman MB, Richards FF (1973) Tumor induction by immunologically activated murine leukemia virus. J Exp Med 137:1163.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arora PK, Miller HC, Aronson LD (1978) Alpha-1-antitrypsin is an effector of immunological stasis. Nature 274:589.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arsenau JC, Sponzo R, Lewin RW, Schnipper LE, Bonner H, Young RC, Canellos GP, Johnson RE, DeVita VT (1972) Nonlymphomatous malignant tumors complicating Hodgkin’s disease. Possible association with intensive therapy. N Engl J Med 287:1119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Askenase PW, Hayden BI, Gershon RK (1975) Augmentation of delayed-type hypersensitivity by doses of cyclophosphamide which do not affect antibody responses. J Exp Med 141:697.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Astaldi A, Astaldi GCB, Wijermans P, Dagna-Bricarelli F, Kater L, Stoop JW, Vosasen JM (1978) Experiences with thymosin in primary immunodeficiency diseases. Cancer Treat Rep 62:1779.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson K, Biggs JC, Ting A, Dodds AJ, Pun A (1982) Cyclosporin A is associated with faster engraftment and less mucositis than methotrexate after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Br J Haematol 53:265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Auerbach C (1940) Tests of carcinogenic substances in relation to production of mutations in drosophila melanogaster. Proc Roy Soc Edinburgh Sect B Biology 60:164.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bacacs T, Gergely P, Cormain S, Klein E (1977) Characterization of human lymphocyte subpopulations for cytotoxicity against tumor-derived monolayer cultures. Int J Cancer 19:441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bach J-F, Carnaud C (1976) Thymic factors. Prog Allergy 21:342.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin RW (1973) Immunological aspects of chemical carcinogenesis. Adv Cancer Res 18:1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ball JK (1970) Immunosuppression and carcinogenesis: contrasting effects with 7, 12 dimethylbenz-B- anthracene, benz–-pyrene and 3-methylcholanthrene. J Nat Cancer Inst 44:1.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bar RS, Delor CJ, Clausen KP, Hurtbise P, Henle W, Hewetson JF (1974) Fatal infectious mononucleosis in a family. N Engl J Med 290:363.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bartholomaeus WN, Bray AE, Papadimitriou JM (1974) Immune response to a transplantable malignant melanoma in mice. J Nat Cancer Inst 53:1065.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett GL (1972) Effect of host immunity on the antigenic strength of primary tumors. J Nat Cancer Inst 49:493.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bast RC, Zbar B, Borsos T, Rapp HJ (1974) BCG and cancer. N Engl J Med 290:1413.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Belluco C, Nitti D, Frantz M (2000) Interleukin-6 blood levels is associated with circulating carcinoembryonic antigen and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Ann Surg 7:133.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bendinelli M, Nardini L (1973) Immunosuppression by Rowson-Parr virus in mice. II. Effect of Rowson-Parr virus infection on the antibody response to sheep red cells in vivo and in vitro. Infect Immun 7:160.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergholz M, Brehler R, Schauer A, Krueger G, Fischer R, Herbst EW (1983) Die SJL-Lymphadenopathie als Tiermodell. Verh Dtsch Ges Path 67:594.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blohm U, Roth E, Brommer K, Dumrese T, Rosenthal FM, Pircher H (2002) Lack of effector cell function and altered tetramer binding of tumor-infiltyrating lymphocytes. J Immunol 169:5522.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borzy MS, Hong R, Horowitz SD, Gilbert E, Kaufman D, De Mendoca W, Oxelius V-A, Dictor M, Pachman L (1979) Fatal lymphoma after transplantation of cultured thymus in children with combined immunodeficiency disease. N Engl J Med 301:565.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boveri TH (1914) Zur Frage der Entstehung maligner Tumoren. Fischer, Jena.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broder S, Edelson RI, Lutzner MA, Nelson DL, Meade BD, Waldman TA (1976) The Sezary syndrome. A malignant proliferation of helper T-cells. J Clin Invest 58:1297.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brandt ME, Wang G, Krueger GRF, Buja LM (2002) A biodynamical regulatory model of the human T-cell system. Eng Med Biol (EMBS) Conf Oct.20–23, Houston, Texas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandt ME, Krueger GRF, Wang G, Buja LM (2004) Feedforward and feedback mechanisms in a dynamical model of human T cell development and regulation. In Vivo 18:465.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Broder S, Uchiyama T, Waldman TA (1979) Current concepts in immunoregulatory T cell neoplasms. Cancer Treat Rep 63:607.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bubenik J, Koldovsky P, Svoboda J, Adamova B (1967) Induction of tumors in mice with three variants of Rous sarcoma virus and studies on the immunobiology of these tumors. Folia Biol (Praha) 13:29.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buja LM, Eigenbrodt ML, Eigenbrodt EH (1993) Apoptosis and necrosis. Basic types and mechanism of cell death. Arch Path Lab Med 117:1208.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burnet MF (1970) Th concept of immunological surveillance. Progr Exp Tumor Res 13:1.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burdette WJ, Haddox CH Jr (1954) Mutation rate following treatment of neurospora with 20-methylcholanthrene and 1, 2, 5, 6-dibenzanthracene in tween-80. Cancer Res 14:163.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bystryn JC, Smalley JR (1977) Identification and solubilization of iodinated cell surface human melanoma-associated antigens. Int J Cancer 20:165.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cabrera T, Lopez-Nevot MA, Gaforio JJ, Ruiz-Cabello F, Garrido F (2003) Analysis of HLA expression in human tumor tissues. Cancer Immunol Immunother 52:1.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camiener GW, Wechter WJ (1972) Immunosuppression–agents, procedures, speculations and prognosis. Progr Drug Res 16:67.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cantor H, Boyse EA (1975) Functional subclasses of T-lymphocytes bearing different Ly antigens. I. The generation of functionally distinct T-cell subclasses is a differentiative process independent of antigen. N Engl J Med 141:1376.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cantor H, Boyse EA (1977) Regulation of cellular and humoral immune responses by T cell subclasses. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 41:23.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cerottini JC, Brunner KT (1974) Cell-mediated cytotoxicity, allograft rejection and tumor mimmunity. Adv Immunol 18:67.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chan SH, Day NE, Khor TH, Kunaratnam N, Chia KB (1981) HLA markers in the development and prognosis of NPC. Chinese Cancer Campaign 5:205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chau GY, Wu CW, Lui WY (2000) Serum interleukin-10 but not interleukin-6 is related to clinical outcome in patients with respectable hepaocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg 231:552.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiari H (1951) Ueber das feingewebliche Bild der bei Mesanthoinbehandlung zu beobachtenden Lymphknotensch wellung. Wien Klein Wschr 63:77.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chieco-Bianchi L, Sendo F, Aoki T, Barrera OL (1974) Immunologic tolerance to antigens associated with murine leukemia viruses: T-cell unresponsiveness? J Nat Cancer Inst 52:1345.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chism SE, Burton RC, Warner NL (1976) In vitro induction of tumor-specific immunity. II. Activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes to murine oncofetal antigens. J Nat Cancer Inst 57:377.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen AM (1976) Host immunity to growing sarcomas: tumor-specific serum inhibition of tumor-specific cellular immunity. Cancer 31:81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coltman CA, Dixon DO (1982) Second malignancies complicating Hodgkin’s disease: a southwest oncology group 10-year followup. Cancer Chemother Rep 66:1023.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coombs MM (1980) Chemical carcinogenesis: a view at the end of the first half century. J Path 130:117.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooperband SR, Badger AM, Davis RC, Schmid K, Mannick JA (1972) The effect of immunoregulatory globulin (IRA) upon lymphocytes in vitro. J Immunol 109:154.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooperband SR, Nimberg R, Schmid K, Glasgow AH, Mannick JA (1976) Humoral immunosppressive factors. Transplant Proc 8:225.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Costanzi JJ, Gagliano RG, Delaney F, Harris N, Thurman GB, Sakai H, Goldstein AL, Loukas D, Cohen GB, Thomson PD (1977) The effect of thymosin on patients with disseminated malignancies. Cancer 40:14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cremer NE (1967) Selective immunoglobulin deficiencies in rats infected with Moloney virus. J Immunol 99:71.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cremer NE (1973) Immunosuppression mediated by Moloney leukemia virus infection. In: Ceglowski S, Friedman H (eds) Virus tumorigenesis and immunogenesis. Academic, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cremer NE, Taylor DON, Lenette EH (1971) Quantitation of immunoglobulin- and virus-producing cells in rats infected with Moloney leukemia virus. Immunol 107:689.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham-Rundles C, Cunningham-Rundles S, Iwata T, Incefy G, Garofalo JA, Menendez-Botest C, Lewis V, Towmey JJ, Good RA (1981) Zinc deficiency, depressed thymic hormones, and T lymphocyte dysfunction in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 21:287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Currie GA (1973) The role of circulating antigen as an inhibitor of tumour immunity in man. Br J Cancer 28:153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Currie GA, Alexander P (1974) Spontaneous shedding of TSTA by viable sarcoma cells: its possible role in facilitating metastatic spread. Br J Cancer 19:72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davey GC, Currie GA, Alexander P (1976) Spontaneous shedding and antibody-induced modulation of histocompatibility antigens on murine lymphomata: correlation with metastatic capacity. Br J Cancer 33:9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dawe CJ (1969) Phylogeny and ontogeny. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 31:1.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeBruyns PP (1948) The effect of X-rays on the lymphatic nodule, with reference to the dose and relative sensitivities of different species. Anat Rec 101:373.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeLarco JE, Reynolds R, Carlberg K, Engle C, Todaro GJ (1980) Sarcoma growth factor from mouse sarcoma virus transformed cells. Purification by binding and elution from epidermal growth factor receptor-rich cells. J Biol Chem 255:3685.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Demerec M, Wallace B, Witkin EM, Bertaini G (1948) The gene. Carnegie Institution of Washington Yearbook, Washington 48: 154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dent PB, Peterson RD, Goor RA (1965) A defect in cellular immunity during the incubation period of passage A leukemia in C3H mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 119:869.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dent PB, Louis JA, McCulloch DB, Dunnett CW, Cerottini JC (1980) Correlation of elevated C1q binding activity and carcinoembryonic antigen levels with clinical features and prognosis in bronchogenic carcinoma. Cancer 45:130.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dixon FJ, Talmage W, Maurer PH (1952) Radiosensitivity and radioresistant phases in the antibody responses. Immunol 68:693.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Domzig W, Lohmann-Matthes ML (1979) Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against tumor cells. II. The promonocyte identified as an effector cell. Euro J Immunol 9:267.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Engers HD, Louis J (1979) Dissociation of the humoral and cell-mediated responses to allogens in mice by subl;ethal whole-body irradiation. Scand J Immunol 10:509.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Editorial (1981) Immunocompromised homosexuals. Lancet II: 328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fahey JL (1971) Cancer in the immunosuppressed patient. Ann Intern Med 75:310.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fauci AS, Lane HC (2000) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease: AIDS and related disorders. In: Harrison’s principles of internal medicine. 14th edn. McGraw-Hill, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fayad L, Keating MJ, Reuben JM (2001) Interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 levels in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: correlation with phenotypic characteristics and outcome. Blood 97:256.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Felzmann T, Gardner H, Holter W (2002) Dendritic cells as adjuvants in antitumor immune therapy. Onkologie 25:456.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fenyoe EM, Klein E, Klein G, Swiech K (1968) Selection of an immunoresistant Moloney lymphoma subline with decreased concentration of tumor-specific surface antigen. J Natl Cancer Inst 40:69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez G, Nair M, Onoe K, Tanaka T, Floyd R, Good RA (1979) Impairment of the cell-mediated immunity functions by dietary zinc deficiency in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fidler IJ (1973) In vitro studies of cellular mediated immunostimulation of tumor growth. J Natl Cancer Inst 50:1307.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fishman MA, Perelson AS (1999) TH1/TH2 differentiation and cross regulation. Bull Math Biol 61:403.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fogel M, Gorelik E, Segal S, Feldman M (1979) Differences in cell surface antigens of tumor metastases and those of the local tumor. J Natl Cancer Inst 62:585.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman H, Kateley JR (1975) Lymphocyte surface receptors and leukemia-induced immunosuppression. Am J Clin Pathol 63:735.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman H, Thompson G, Halper IP, Knowles DM (1982) 0T cell: a human T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia that produces IL-2 in high titer. J Immunol 128:935.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frizzera G (1992) Atypical lymphoproliferative disorders. In: Knowles DM (ed) Neoplastic hematology. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 459–495.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fudenberg HH (1971) Genetically determined immune deficiency as the predisposing cause of autoimmunity and the lymphoid neoplasia. AmJ Med 51:295.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gabrielsen AE, Good RA (1967) Chemical suppression of adaptive immunity. Adv Immunol 6:91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gallin JI, Snyderman R (1999) Inflammation–basic principles and clinical correlates, 3rd edn. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gatti RA, Good RA (1970) The immunological deficiency diseases. Med Clin North Am 54:281.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gauwerky CE, Croce CM (1995) Molecular genetics and cytogenetics of hematopoietic malignancies. In: Mendelsophn J, Howley PM, Israel MA, Liotta LA (eds) The molecular basis of cancer. WB Saunders Co, Philadelphia pp 19–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geldhof AB, van Ginderachter JA, Lin Y, Noel W, Raes G, de Baetselie P (2002) Antagonistic effect of NK cells on alternatively activated monocytes: a contribution of NK cells to CTL generation. Blood 100:4049.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gelehrter TD, Collins PS (1997) Principles of medical genetics, 2nd edn. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gershon RK, Birnbaum-Mokyr M, Mitchell MS (1974) Activation of suppressor T cells by tumour cells and specific antibody. Nature 250:594.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilette RW, Fox A (1977) Changes caused in homing patterns of chromium 51-labeled lymphoid cells by Moloney sarcoma virus infection. J Natl Cancer Inst 58:1621.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gleichmann E, Gleichmann H (1976) Graft-versus-host reaction: a pathogenetic principle for the development of drug allergy, autoimmunity, and malignant lymphoma in non-chimeric individuals. Z Krebsforsch 85:91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gleichmann E, Gleichmann H (1980) Spectrum of diseases caused by alloreactive T-cells, mode of sensitization to the drug diphenylhydantoin, and possible role of SLE-typical self- antigens in B-cell triggering. In: Krakauer RS, Cathcart MK (eds) Immunoregulation and autoimmunity. Elsevier North Holland, Amsterdam pp 73–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gleichmann H, Gleichmann E (1973) Immunosuppression and neoplasia. I. A critical review of experimental carcinogenesis and the immunosurveillance theory. Klin Wschr 51:255.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glicksman AS, Pajak TF, Gottlieb A, Nissen N, Stutzman L, Cooper MR (1982) Second malignant neoplasms in patients successfully treated for Hodgkin’s disease: a cancer and leukemia group B study. Cancer Chemother Rep 66:1035.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein G (1975) The isolation of thymopoietin (thymosin). Ann NY Acad Sci 249:177.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein G (ed) (1977) Molecular control of proliferation and differentiation. Academic, NewYork.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golger D, Jones E, Powrie F, Elliott T, Gallimore A (2002) Depletion of CD25 + regulatory cells uncovers immune responses to shared murine tumor rejection antigens. Eur J Immuinol 32:3267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Good RA (1954) Agammaglobulinemia: a provocative experiment of nature. Bull Univ Hosp Minn Med Found 26:1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Good RA, Finstad J (1968) The association of lymphoid malignancy and immunologic functions. Zorafonetis CID (ed) Proceedings of the International Conference on Leukemia/Lymphoma. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, pp 175–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Good RA, Finstad J (1969) Neoplasia and primitive vertebrate phylogeny: echinoderms, prevertebrates and fishes–a review. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 31:41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg AH, Greene M (1976) Non-adaptive rejection of small tumour inocula as a model of immune surveillance. Nature 264:356.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greene MI, Pierres A, Dorf ME (1977) The I-J subregion codes for determinants on suppressor factor(s) which limit the contact sensitivity response to picryl chloride. J Exp Med 146:293.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Griscelli C, Durandy A, Virelizier JL, Ballet JJ, Daguillard F (1978) Selective defect of precursor T-cells associated with apparently normal B-lymphocytes in severe combined immunodeficiency disease. J Pediat 93:404.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gruenwald HW, Rosner F (1970) Acute leukemia and immunosuppressive drug use. Ann Int Med 139:461.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grundmann E (ed) (1980) Metastatic tumor growth. Cancer Campaign 4:1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gryboski J (1975) Gastrointestinal problems in the infant (acrodermatitis enteropathica). In: Major problems in clinical pediatrics, Vol XIII. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 628–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadden JW, Stewart WE (eds) (1981) The lymphokines. Humana, Clifton, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanto DW, Frizzera G, Purtilo DT, Sacramento K, Sullivan JL, Saemundsen AK, Klein G, Simmons RI, Najarian JS (1981) Clinical spectrum of lymphoproliferative disorders in renal transplant recipients and evidence for the role of Epstein-Barr virus. Cancer Res 41:4253.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harada S, Tatsumi E, Lipscomb H, Purtilo DT (1984) Responses to Epstein-Barr virus in immune deficient patients. In: Purtilo DT (ed) Immune deficiency and cancer. Plenum, New York, pp 123–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heimer R, Klein G (1976) Circulating immune complexes in sera of patients with Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Cancer 18:310.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heine UI, Krueger GRF, Karpinski A, Munoz E, Krueger MB (1983a) Quantitative light and electron microscopic changes of thymic reticular epithelial cells during Moloney virus-induced lymhpoma development. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 106:102.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heine UI, Krueger GRF, Munoz E, Karpinski A (1983b) Altered thymic epithelial cells may be decisive for Moloney virus-induced lymphoma development. EMSA meeting. Phoenix, Arizona (book of abstracts) p 41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hellstroem I, Hellstroem KE (1969) Studies on cellular immunity and its serum-mediated inhibition in Moloney virus-induced mouse sarcomas. Int J Cancer 4:587.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hellstroem I, Hellstroem KE (1974) Cell mediated immune reactions to tumor antigens with particular emphasis on immunity to human neoplasms. Cancer 34:1461.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hellstroem I, Hellstroem KE, Pierce GE (1968) In vitro studies of immune reactions against autochthonous and syngeneic mouse tumors induced by methylcholanthrene and plastioc discs. Int J Cancer 3:467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hellstroem KE, Hellstroem I (1976) Cell mediated immunity to mouse tumors: some recent findings. Ann NY Acad Sci 276:176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson ES, Krueger GRF (1977) Medications and their toxicity. In: Altmann HW et al. (eds) Handb Allg Path. Springer Berlin, pp 745–791.

    Google Scholar 

  • Himmelweit F (ed) (1957) The collected papers of Paul Ehrlich. Pergamon, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch MS (1973) Immunological activation of oncogenic viruses. In: Ceglowski CS, Friedman H (eds) Virus tumorigenesis and immunogenesis. Academic, New York, pp 131–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch MS, Black PH, Tracy GS, Leibowitz S, Schwartz RS (1970) Leukemia virus activation in chronic allogeneic disease. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 67:1914.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holland JM, Mitchell TJ, Gipson LC, Whitaker MS (1978) Survival and cause of death in aging germfree athymic nude and normal inbred C3H/He mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 61:1357.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hollander C, Fornace AJ (1995) Cell cycle checkpoints and growth arrest genes activated by genotoxic stress. In: Vos JMH (ed) DNA repair mechanisms: impact on human dsiseases and cancer. Springer, NY, pp 219–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogg N, Koszinowski K, Mitchinson NA (1977) Principles governing the response to the cell surface antigens. Progr Immunol 3:532.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoover RT, Fraumeni JF (1973) Risk of cancer in renal transplant recipients. Lancet II: 55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howley PM (1995) Viral carcinogenesis. In: Mendelsohn J, Howley PM, Israel MA, Liotta LA (eds) The molecular basis of cancer. WB Saunders Co, Philadelphia, pp 38–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ioachim HL, Dorsett B, Sabbath M (1972) Loss and recovery of phenotypic expression of Gross leukemia virus. Nature New Biol 237:215.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ioachim HL, Keller S, Sabbath M (1974) Antigenic expression as a determining factor of tumor growth in Gross leukemia virus leukemia. Progr Exp Tumor Res 19:284.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iwata T, Incefy GS, Cunningham Rundles S, Cunningham-Rundles C, Smithwick E, Geller N, O’Reilly R, Good RA (1981) Circulating thymic hormone activity in patients with primary and secondary immune deficxiency diseases. Am J Med 71:385.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jerry LM, Rowden G, Cano PO, Phillips TM, Deutsch GF, Capek A, Hartman P, Lewis MG (1976) Immune complexes in human melanoma, a condsequence of deranged immune regulation. Scand J Immunol 5:845.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones E, Dahm-Vicker M, Gogher D, Gallimore A (2003) CD25(+) regulatory T cells and tumor immunity. Immunol Lett 85:141.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jose DG, Seshadri R (1974) Circulating immune complexes in human neuroblastoma: direct assay and role in blocking specific cellular immunity. Int J Cancer 13:824.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kahn MF, Ariel J, Bloch-Michel H, Caroit M, Chanoat Y, Renier JC (1971) Le rique du leucose aigue apres traitement des rheumatisme inflammatoire chronique et des connectivities par les cytotoxiques a visee immunosuppresive. Rev Rheumatisme 46:163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kall MA, Hellstroem I (1975) Specific stimulatory and cytotoxic effects of lymphocytes sensitized in vitro to either alloantigens or tumor antigens. Immunology 114:1083.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan AM, Morahan PS (1976) Macrophage mediated tumor cell cytotoxicity. Ann NY Acad Sci 267:134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karamaju LS, Levine PH, Sundar SK, Ablashi DV, Faggioni A, Armstrong GR, Bertram G, Krueger GRF (1983) Epstein-Barr virus related lymphocyte stimulation inhibitor: a possible prognostic tool for undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 70:643.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman WK, Kaufman DG (1993) Cell cycle control, DNA repair and initiation of carcinogenesis. FASEB J 7:1188.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaur P, Schulof RS, Miller DR, Steinherz P, Good RA, Gupta S (1982) Immunoregulation by blasts from null cells and T cell leukemias. Cancer 49:43.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kenady DE, Chretien PB, Potvin C, Simon RM (1977) Thymosin reconstruction of T-cell deficits in vitro in cancer patients. Cancer 39:575.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kiessling R, Petranyi G, Klein G, Wigzell H (1976) Non T-cell resistance against a mouse Moloney lymphoma. Int J Cancer 17:275.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim U, Baumler A, Carruther M (1975) Immunological escape mechanisms in spontaneous metastasizing mammary tumors. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 72:1012.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klein G (1989) Epstein-Barr virus and its association with human disease: an overview. In: Ablashi DV, Faggioni A, Krueger GRF, Pagano JS, Pearson GR (eds) Epstein-Barr virus and human disease. Humana, Clifton, NJ, pp XVII–XXVII.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein E, Klein G (1965) Antibody response and leukemic development in mice inoculated neonataly with the Moloney virus. Cancer Res 25:851.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klein E, Klein G (1966) Immunological tolerance of neonatally infected mice to the Moloney leukemia virus. Nature 209:163.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kleindienst P, Brocker T (2003) Endogenous dendritic cells are required for amplification of T cell responses induced by dendritic cell vaccines in vivo. J Immunol 170:2817.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kleist S von (1980) Immune surveillance and tumor defense mechanisms. Path Res Pract 170:289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Korn D, Gelderman A, Cage G, Nathanson D, Strauss AJL (1967) Immune deficiencies, aplastic anemia and abnormalities of lymphoid tissue in thymoma. N Engl J Med 276:1333.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kosmidis PA, Axelrod AR, Palacas C, Stahl M (1978) Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy: a T-cell deficiency. Cancer 42:447.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kraus M (1981) Immunzytologische und immunfunktionelle Untersuchungen des lymphatischen Systems der C57Bl Maus bei kontinuierlicher Applikation von N-Nitrosobutyl-Harnstoff in leukaemogener und nicht-leukaemogener Dosierung. Thesis, Cologne University Medical Faculty, Hundt, Cologne.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraus M, Krueger GRF (1981) T- and B-cell determination in various lymphoid tissues of mice during N-Nitrosobutylurea (NBU) leukemogenesis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 100:149.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kripke ML, Borsos T (1974) Immunosuppression and carcinogenesis. Isr J Med Sci 10:888.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger G (1970a) Versuch einer immunologischen Deutung der Lymphomentstehung. Dtsch Med J 21:28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF (1970b) Zur Pathogenese von Tumoren des lymphatischen Gewebes bei Transplantatempfaengern. Verh Dtsch Ges Path 54:175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF (1970c) Effect of dilantin in mice. I. Changes in the lymphoreticular tissue after acute exposure. Virchows Archiv A Path Anat 349:297.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF (1971) Impaired immunologic reactivity as pacemaker for lymphoma development. Verh Dtsch Ges Path 55:200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF (1972a) Chronic immunosuppression and lymphomagenesis in man and mice. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 35:183.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF (1972b) Morphology of chemical immunosuppression. Adv Pharmacol Chemother 10:1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF (1972c) Host response during the latent period and the growth of an immunologically induced mouse leukemia. Beitr Path 142:132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF (1973) Immunosuppression and experimental lymphoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 50:1412.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF (1974) Lymphoreticular neoplasia in immunosuppression. Facts and fancies. Beitr Path 151:221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF (1975) The significance of immunosuppression and antigenic stimulation in the development of malignant lumphomas. Recent Results Cancer Res 52:88.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF (1979) Experimentelle Modelle immunologisch induzierter Tumoren. Verh Dtsch Ges Inn Med 85:1460.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF (1985) Klinische immunpathologie. W.Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF (1989) Abnormal variation of the immune system as related to cancer. In: Kaiser HE (ed) Cancer growth and progression. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, NL, pp 139–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF (1993) Pathology of lymphoproliferative disorders in HIV infection. In: Schrappe M, Mauff G (eds) AIDS-SIDA. A comparison between Europe and Africa. Ediones Roche, Basel, pp 239–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF, Bedoya V (1978) Hydantoin-induced lymphadenopathies and lymphomas: experimental studies in mice. Recent Results Cancer Res 64:265.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF, Ferrer Argote V (1994) A unifying concept of viral immunopathogenesis of proliferative and aproliferative diseases (working hypothesis). In Vivo 8:493.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF, Heine UI (1972) Morphogenesis of two immunologically induced mouse lymphomas. Cancer Res 32:573.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF, Konorza G (1977) Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy in persistent virus infection? Lancet II: 1135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF, Bedoya V, Grimley PM (1971a) Lymphoreticular tissue lesions in Steinbrinck-Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Virchows Archiv Abt A Path Anat 353:273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF, Malmgren RA, Berard CW (1971b) Malignant lymphomas and plasmacytosis in mice under chronic immunosuppression and persistent antigenic stimulation. Transplant 11:138.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF, Fischer R, Flesch HG (1978) Sequential changes in T- and B-cells, virus antigen expression and primary histologic tumor diagnosis in virus-induced lymphomagenesis in mice. Z Krebsforsch 92:41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF, Bergholz M, Bartsch H-H, Fischer R, Schauer A (1979) Rubella virus antigen in lymphocytes of patients with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AIL). J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 95:87.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF, Karpinski A, Haas W, Lennert K (1981) Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy in persistent virus infection and hyperimmunization syndrome: clinical and experimental data. XI Triennial World Congress Path, Jerusalem (book of abstracts) p 160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF, Karpinski A, Heine UI, Koch B (1983) Differentiation block of prethymic lymphocytes during Moloneyvirus induced lympohoma development associated with thymic epithelial defect. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 106:102.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF, Ablashi DV, Salahuddin SZ, Josephs SF (1988) Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of progressive lymphoproliferation and malignant lymphoma in persistent active herpesvirus infection. J Virol Methods 21:255.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF, Manak M, Bourgeois N, Ablashi DV, Salahuddin SZ, Josephs SF, Buchbinder A, Gallo RC, Berthold F, Tesch H (1989) Persistent active herpesvirus infection associated with atypical polyclonal lymphoproliferation (APL) and malignant lymphoma. Anticancer Res 9:1457.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF, Ablashi DV, Josephs SF, Balachandran N (1992) HHV-6 in atypical polyclonal lymphoproliferation (APL) and malignant lymphoma (Chapter 15). In: Abalshi DV, Krueger GRF, Salahuddin SZ (eds) Human herpesvirus-6. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, pp 185–207.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF, Nguyen AN, Uthman M, Brandt ME, Buja LM (2001) Dysregulative lymphoma theory revisited: wehat can we learn from cytokines, CD classes and genes? Anticancer Res 21:3653.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF, Brandt ME, Wang G, Berthold F, Buja LM (2002a) A computational analysis of Canale-Smith syndrome: chronic lymphadenopathy simulating malignant lymphoma. Anticancer Res 22:2365.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF, Marshall GR, Junker U, Schroeder HJ, Buja LM, Wang G (2002b) Growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and neuropeptides in the modeling of T-cells. In Vivo 16:365.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF, Marshall GR, Junker U, Schroeder HJ, Buja LM (2003a) Growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and neuropeptides in the modeling of T-cell. Part II: Data tables of normal values in man. In Vivo 17:105.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF, Brandt ME, Wang G, Buja LM (2003b) TCM-1: A nonlinear dynamical computational model to simulate cellular changes in the T-cell system: comceptional design and validation. Anticancer Res 23: 123.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger GRF, Brandt ME, Wang G, Buja LM (2004) Computational simulation of chronic persistent virus infection: Factors determining differences in clinical outcome of HHV-6, HIV-1 and HTLV-1 infections including aplastic, hyperplastic and neoplastic responses. Anticancer Res 24:187.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laguens G, Coconato S, Laguens R, Portiansky E, di Girolamo V (2002) Human regional lymph nodes draining cancer exhibit a profound dendritic cell depletion as comparing to those from patients without malignancies. Immunol Lett 84:159.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lai PK, Mackay-Scollay M, Fimmel PJ, Alpers MP, Keast D (1974) Cell-mediated immunity to Epstein-Barr virus and a blocking factor in patients with infectious mononucleosis. Nature 252:608.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lakshmi PM, Kolbe NP, Johri GN (1982) Ancylostoma caninum: transfer of lymphoid cells from thymus and adoptic immunity in mice. Int J Parasitol 12:227.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Latner AL, Sherbet GV (1979) Aprotinin induces surface changes in malignant cells in culture: a possible model of antitumor action. Exp Cell Biol 47:392.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Law IP, Hollinshead AC, Whang-Peng I, Dean JH, Oldham RK, Herberman RB, Rhode MC (1977) Familial occurrence of colon and uterine carcinoma and of lymphoproliferative malignancies. II. Chromosomal and immunologic abnormalities. Cancer 39:1229.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LeBeau MM, Larson RA (2000) Cytogenetics and neoplasia. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Schattil SJ, Furie B, Cohen HJ, Silberstein LE, McGlave P (eds) Hematoplogy, basic principles and practice, 3rd edn. Churchill Livingstone, NY, pp 848–870.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leventhal BG, Talal N (1970) Response of NZB and NZB-NZW spleen cells to mitogenic agents. J Immunol 104:918.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lim MS, Straus SE, Dale JK, Fleisher TA, Stetler-Sevenson M, Strober W, Sneller MC, Puck JM, Lenardo MJ, Kojo S, Elenitoba-Johnson J, Lin AJ, Raffeld M, Jaffe ES (1998) Pathological findings in human autoimmujne lymphoproliferative syndrome. Am J Pathol 153:1541.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • List AF, Greco FA, Vogler LB (1987) Lymphoproliferative diseases in immunocompromised hosts: the role of Epstein-Barr virus. J Clin Oncol 5:1673.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lombeck I, Schnippering HG, Kasparek K, Ritzl F, Kaestner H, Feinendegen LE, Bremer HJ (1975) Akrodermatitis enteropathica–eine Zinkstoffwechselstoerung mit Zinkmalabsorption. Z Kinderheilk 120:181.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Look AT, Naegele RF, Callihan T, Herrod HG, Henle W (1981) Fatal Epstein-Barr virus infection in the child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission. Cancer Res 41:4280.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Louie S, Schwartz RS (1978) Immunodeficiency and the pathogenesis of lymphoma and leukemia. Semin Hematol 15:117.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Low TLK, Thurman GB, Chincarini C, McClure JE, Marshall GD, Ha SK, Goldstein AL (1979) Current status of thymosin research: evidence for the existence of a family of thymic factors that control T-cell maturation. Ann NY Acad Sci 332:33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malmgren RA, Bennison BE, McKinley TW (1952) Reduced antibody titers in mice treated with carcinogenic and cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 79:484.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mareel M, Leroy A (2003) Clinical, cellular and molecular aspects of cancer invasion. Physiol Rev 83:337.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall E (2003) Gene therapy a suspect in leukemia-like disease. Science 298, 34, 2002 and Second child in French trial is found to0 have leukemia. Science 299:320.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall GD, Low TLK, Thurman GB, Hu SK, Rossio JL, Trivers G, Goldstein AL (1978) Overview of thymosin activity. Cancer Treat Rep 62:1731.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mehr R, Globerson A, Perelson AS (1995a) Modeling positive and negative selection and differentiation processes in the thymus. J Theor Biol 175:103.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mehr R, Fridkis-Harell M, Abel L, Segel L, Globerson A (1995b) Lymphocyte development in irradiated thymuses. Dynamics of colonization by progenitor cells and regeneratyion of resident cells. J Theor Biol 177:181.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mehr R, Perelson AS, Fridkis-Harell M, Globerson A (1996) Feedback regulation of T cell development in the thymus. J Theor Biol 181:157.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melief CJM, Schwartz RS (1975) Immunocompetence and malignancy. In: Becker FF (ed) Cancer Vol. I. Plenum, New York, pp 121–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Melnick JF, Adam E, Rawls WE (1974) The causative role of herpes virus type 2 in cervical cancer. Cancer 34:1375.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mertens H, Krueger GRF (1976) Percent distribution of T- and B-lymphoid cells in spleen and lymph nodes of Moloney virus infected mice. Z Krebsforsch 85:169.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metcalf D (1971) The nature of leukemia. Neoplasm or disorder of hemopoietic regulation? Med J Australia 2:739.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller AM, Walma EP, Klapwijk DE, van Bekkum DW (1982) The effect of cyclosporin-A on host-versus-graft disease in canine bone marrow transplantation. Exp Hematol 10:(Supl 11):36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mills KH, Cawley JC (1982) Suppressor T-cells in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: relationship to clinical stage. Leukemia Res 6:653.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mills KH, Cawley JC (1983) Abnormal monoclonal antibody-defined helper/suppressor T-cell subpopulations in multiple myeloma: relationship to treatment and clinical stage. Br J Haematol 53:271.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moretta L, Mingari MC, Webb MC, Pearl EA, Lydyard PM, Crossi CE, Lawton AR, Cooper MD (1977) Imbalance in T-cell subpopulations associated with immunodeficiency and autoimmune syndrome. Eur J Immunol 7:696.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moriya N, Miyawaki T, Ueno Y, Koizumi S, Taniguchi N (1981) Humoral helper activity of B-cell differentiation released from non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma cells having both SRBC and complement receptors in the pokeweed mitogen system. Blood 57:1057.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moss DJ, Scott W, Pope JH (1977) An immunologic basis for inhibition of transformation of human lymphocytes by EB virus. Nature 268:735.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muller CP (1979) Wirkung der Zelldichte auf die Membranfluiditaet und deren Einfluss auf die Modulation spezifischer Membranrezeptoren. Thesis, University of Cologne, Hansen, Cologne.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakano K, Cinader B (1980) Accelerated age-dependent decline in the T-suppressor cell capacity of SJL-mice. Eur J Immunol 10:309.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naor D (1980) Unresponsiveness to modified self antigen–a censorship mechanism controlling autoimmunity? Immunology 50:187.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nathanson N (2002) Viral pathogenesis and immunogenesis. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 130–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson K, Pollack S, Hellstroem KE (1975) Specific anti-tumor response of cultured spleen cells. III. Further characterization of cells which synthesize factor with blocking and antiserum-dependent cellular cytotoxic (ADC) activities. Int J Cancer 16:539.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nichols PW, Koss M, Levine AM, Lukes RJ (1982) Lymphomatoid granulomatosis: a T-cell disorder? Am J Med 72:467.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicolson GL (1976) Trans-membrane control of receptors on normal and tumor cells. II. Surface changes associated with transformation and malignancy. Biochim Biophys Acta 458:1.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Notkins AL, Mergenhagen SE, Howard RJ (1970) Effect of virus infections on the function of the immune system. Ann Rev Microbiol 24:525.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Conor GT (1970) Persistent immunologic stimulation as a factor in oncogenesis, with special reference to Burkitt’s tumor. Am J Med 48:279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oppenheim JJ, Nordhoff H, Greenhill A, Mathieson BJ, Smith KA, Gills S (1980) Properties of human monocyte-derived lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF) and lymphocyte-derived mitogenic factor (LMF). In: de Weck A (ed) Biochemical characterization of lymphokines. Academic, New York, pp 399.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orsini F, Eppolito C, Ehrke MJ, Mihich E (1980) Inhibition by selected anticancer agents of the development of primary cell-mediated immunity against allogeneic tumor cells in culture. Cancer Treat Rep 64:211.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Owen-Schaub L, Chan H, Cusack JC, Roth J, Hill LL (2000) Fas and Fas ligand interactions in malignant disease. Int J Oncol 17:5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Page AR, Hansen AE, Good RA (1963) Occurrence of leukemia and lymphoma in patients with agammaglobulinemia. Blood 21:197.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pardoll D (2003) Does the immune system see tumors as foreign or self? Annu Rev Immunol 21:807.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parker CW, Vavra JD (1969) Immunosuppression. Progr Hematol 6:1.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paul W (1998) Fundamental immunology, 4th edn. Lippincott Raven, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng L, Kjaergaard J, Plautz GE, Awad M, Drazba JA, Shu S, Cohen P (2002) Tumor-induced L-selectinhigh suppressor T cells mediate potent effector T cell blockade and cause failure of otherwise curative adoptive immunotherapy. J Immunol 169:4811.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Penn I (1974) Occurrence of cancer in immune deficiencies. Cancer 34:858.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Penn I (1978) Tumors arising in organ transplant recipients. Cancer Res 28:31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Penn I, Starzl TE (1972) Malignant tumors arising de novo in immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients. Transplant 14:407.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peters AM, Kohfink B, Martin H, Griesinger F, Wormann B, Gahr M, Roesler J (1999) Defective apoptosis due to a point mutation in the death domain of CD95 associated with autoikmmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, T-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin’s disease. Exp Hematol 27:868.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson RD, Kelly WD, Good RA (1964) Ataxia teleangiectasia. Its association with a defective thymus, immunological deficiency disease and malignancy. Lancet I:1189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pizon I (1955) Risques et dangers des radiations: radiations electromagnetiques et corpuscules de haute energie. Presse Med 63:1158.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plescia OJ, Grinwich K, Plescia AM (1976) Subversive activity of syngeneic tumor cells as an escape mechanism from immune surveillance and the role of prostaglandins. Ann NY Acad Sci 276:455.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prehn RT (1963) Function of depressed immunologic reactivity during carcinogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst 31:791.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prehn RT (1976) Immunostimulation of highly immunogenic target tumor cells by lymphoid cells in vitro. J Natl Cancer Inst 56:833.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prehn RT, Lappe MA (1971) An immunostimulation theory of tumor development. Transplant Rev 7:26.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Purtilo DT (1980) Epstein-Barr virus-induced oncogenesis in immune-deficient individuals. Lancet I: 300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Purtilo DT, Sakamoto K, Saemundsen AK, Sullivan JL, Synnerholm A-A, Anvret M, Pritchard J, Rich K, Sloper C, Sieff C, Pincott J, Pachman L, Knight J, Sandstedt B, Klein G (1981) Documentation of Epstein-Barr virus infection in immunodeficient patients with life-threatening lymphoproliferative diseases by clinical, virological and immunopathological studies. Cancer Res 41:4226.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Purtilo DT, Sakamoto K, Barnabei V, Seeley J, Behctold T, Rogers G, Yetz J, Harada S (1982) Epstein-Barr virus-induced diseases in boys with X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP): update on studies of the registry. Am J Med 73:49.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Purtilo DT, Tatsumi E, Manolov G, Manolova Y, Harada S, Lipscomb H, Krueger GRF (1985) Epstein-Barr virus as an etiological agent in the pathogenesis of lymphoproliferative and aproliferative diseases in immune deficient patients. Rev Exp Path 27:113.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rapp F, Reed CL (1977) The viral etiology of cancer–a realistic approach. Cancer 40:419.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Redlinger Jr., RE, Shimizu T, Remy T, Alber S, Watkins SC, Barksdale Jr., I (2003) Cellular mechanisms of interleukin-12 mediated neuroblastoma regression. J Pediat Surg 38:199.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reinherz EL, Rosen FS (1981) New concepts of immunodeficiency. 71: 511.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reinherz EL, Schlossman SF (1980) The differentiation and function of human T-lymphocytes. Cell 19:821.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reinherz EL, Kung PC, Goldstein G, Schlossman SF (1979a) Further characterization of the human inducer T-cell subset defined by monoclonal antibody. J Immunol 123:2894.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reinherz EL, Parkman R, Rappaort J, Rosen FS, Schlossman SF (1979b) Aberrations of suppressor T-cells in human graft-versus-host disease. N Engl J Med 300:1061.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reinherz EL, Cooper MD, Schlossman SF (1981) Abnormalities of T-cell maturation and regulation in human beings with immunodeficiency disorders. J Clin Invest 68:699.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robins RA, Rees RC, Brooks GG, Baldwin RW (1979) Spontaneous development of cytotoxic activity in cultured lymph node cells from tumour-bearing rats. Br J Cancer 39:659.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal CJ, Noguera CA, Coppola A, Kapelner SN (1982) Pseudolymphoma with mycosis fungoides manifestations: hyperresponsiveness to diphenylhydantoin and lymphocyte dysregulation. Cancer 49:2305.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenstreich DL, Mitzel SB (1978) The participation of macrophage cell lines in the activation of T-lymphocytes by mitogens. Immunol Rev 40:102.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowland GF, Hurd CM (1970) Target lymphoid cell population of carcinogen induced immunodepression in mice. Nature 227:167.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin BA (1971) Alteration of the homograft response as a determinant of carcinogenicity. Progr Exp Tumor Res 14:138.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Russell SW, Gillespie GY, Pace JL (1980) Comparison of responses to activating agents by mouse peritoneal macrophages and cells of the macrophage line RAW 264. J Reticuloendothel Soc 27:607.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rygaard J, Poulsen CO (1976) The nude mouse vs. the hypothesis of immunological surveillance. Transplant Rev 28:43.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakamoto K, Seeley J, Lindsten T, Sexten J, Yetz J, Bellow M, Purtilo DT (1982) Abnormal anti-Epstein-Barr virus antibodies in carriers of the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome and in females at risk. J Immunol 128:904.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saltzstein SL, Ackerman LV (1959) Lymphadenopathy induced by anticonvulsant drugs and mimicking clinically and pathologically malignant lymphomas. Cancer 12:164.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saxon A, Stevens RH, Golde DW (1979) Helper and suppressor T-lymphocyte leukemia in ataxia teleangiectasia. N Engl J Med 300:700.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schirrmachert V, Boslet K, Shantz G, Clauer K, Huebsch D (1975) Tumor metastases and cell mediated immunity in a model system in DBA/2 mice. IV. Antigenic differences between a metastasizing variant and the parental tumor line revealed by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Int J Cancer 23:145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz RS (1972) Immunoregulation, oncogenic viruses and malignant lymphomas. Lancet I: 1266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz RS, Andre-Schwarz J (1968) Malignant lymphoproliferative diseases. Interaction between immunological abnormalities and oncogenic viruses. Ann Rev Med 19:269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz RS, Beldotti L (1965) Malignant lymphomas following allogeneic disease: transition from immunological to a neoplastic disorder. Science 149:1511.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seeley JK, Sakamoto K, Ip S, Hansen P, Purtilo DT (1981) Abnormal lymphocyte subsets of X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome. J Immunol 127:2618.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shankaran V, Ikeda H, Bruce AT, White JM, Swanson PE (2001) IFN gamma and lymphocytes prevent primary tumour development and shape tumour immunogenicity. Nature 410:1107.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shearer WT, Parker CW (1975) Humoral immunostimulation. V. Selection of variant cell lines. J Exp Med 142:1133.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherbet GV (1982) The biology of tumor malignancy. Academic, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shinitzky M (1976) Membrane changes in malignant cells–modulation of receptors and antigens by lipids. Bull Schweiz Aced Med Wiss 12:203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegal FP, Siegal M, Good RA (1976) Suppression of B-cell differentiation by leukocytes from hypogammaglobulinemic patients. J Clin Invest 58:109.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siegal FP, Siegal M, Good RA (1978) Role of helper, suppressor and B-cell defects in the pathogenesis of the hypogammaglobulinemias. N Engl J Med 299:172.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sjoegren HO (1973) Blocking and unblocking of cell-mediated tumor immunity. Meth Cancer Res 10:19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sjoegren HO, Bansal SC (1971) Antigens in virally induced tumors. Progr Immunol 1:921.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sjoegren HO, Hellstroem I, Bansal SC, Hellstroem KE (1971) Suggestive evidence that the blocking antibodies of tumor-bearing individuals may be antigen-antibody complexes. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 63:1372.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spreafico F, Anaclerio A (1977) Immunosuppressive agents. In: Hadden JW (ed) Comprehensive immunology vol 3 Immunopharmacology. Plennum, New York, pp 245–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stjernswaerd J (1965) Depressive effect of 3-methylcholanthrene. Antibody formation at the cellular level and reaction against weak antigenic homografts. J Natl Cancer Inst 35:885.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stjernswaerd J (1969) Immunosuppression by carcinogens. Antibiot Chemother 15:213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stutman O (1969) Carcinogen-induced immune depression: absence in mice resistant to chemical oncogenesis. Science 166:620.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sundar SK, Ablashi DV, Karamaju LS, Levine PH, Faggioni A, Armstrong GR, Pearson GR, Krueger GRF, Hewetson JF, Bertram G, Sesterhenn K, Menezes J (1982) Sera from patients with undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma contain a factor which abrogates specific Epstein-Barr virus antigen-induced lymphocyte response. Int J Cancer 29:407.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Szakal AK, Hanna MG (1972) Immune suppression and carcinogenesis in hamsters during topical application of 7, 12-dimethylbenz-(-anthracene. J Natl Cancer Inst 35:173.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tada T, Taniguchi M, David CS (1976a) Properties of the antigen-specific suppressor T-cell factor in the regulation of antibody response in the mouse. IV. Special subregion assignment of the gene(s) that code(s) for the suppressive T-cell factoring the H-2 histocompatibility complex. J Exp Med 144:213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tada T, Taniguchi M, Takemori T (1976b) Properties of primed suppressor T-cells and their products. Transplant Rev 26:106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamerius J, Hellstroem I, Hellstroem KE (1975) Evidence that blocking factors in the sera of multiparous mice are associated with immunoglobulins. Int J Cancer 16:456.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamerius J, Nepom J, Hellstroem I, Hellstroem KE (1976) Tumor-associated blocking factors: isolation from sera of tumor-bearing mice. J Immunol 116:724.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ten Bensel RW, Stadlan GM, Krivit W (1966) The development of malignancy in the course of Aldrich syndrome. J Pediatr 68:761.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas JA, Janossy G, Graham-Braun JAC, Kung PC, Goldstein G (1982) The relationship between T-lymphocyte subsets and Ia-like antigen positive nonlymphoid cells in early stages of cutaneous T cell lymphomas. J Natl Cancer Inst 78:169.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ting CC, Rogers MJ (1977) Inhibition by sera and soluble antigens of T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against leukemia-associated antigens. Nature 266:727.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Treves AJ, Carnaud C, Trainin N, Feldman M, Cohen IR (1974) Enhancing T lymphocytes from tumor-bearing mice suppress host resistance to a syngeneic tumor. Eur J Immunol 4:722.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turk JL, Pareker D, Poulter LW (1972) Functional aspects of the selective depletion of lymphoid tissue by cyclophosphamide. Immunol 23:493.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uchiyama T, Yodoi J, Sagawa K (1977) Adult T-cell leukemia: cclinical and hematological features of 16 cases. Blood 50:481.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Umiel T, Training N (1974) Immunological enhancement of tumor growth by syngeneic thymus-derived lymphocytes. Transplant 18:244.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Venter CJ, Adams MD, Myers EW (& 267 additional co-authors)(2001) The sequence of the human genome. Science 291: 1304.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wainrwight WH, Veltri RW, Sprinkle PM (1979) Abrogation of cell-mediated immunity by a serum blocking factor isolated from patients with infectious mononucleosis. J Infect Dis 140:22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walder BK, Robertson MK, Jeremy D (1971) Skin cancer and immunosuppression. Lancet II: 1282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waldmann TA, Durm M, Broder S, Blaese RM (1974) Role of suppressor T-cells in pathogenesis of common variable hypogammaglobulinemia. Lancet II: 609.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waldmann TA, Broder S, Durm M (1975) Suppresor T-cells in the pathogenesis of hypogammaglobulinemia associated with a thymoma. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 88:120.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waldmann TA, Blaese RM, Broder S, Krakauer RS (1978) Disorders of suppressor immunoregulatory cells in the pathogenesis of immunodeficiency and autoimmunity. Ann Int Med 88:226.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waldmann TA, Strober W, Blaese M (1980) T- and B-cell immunodeficiency diseases. In: Parker CW (ed) Clinical immunology, Vol I. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 314–375.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waller EK, Ernstoff MS (2003) Modulation of antitumor immune responses by hematopoietic cytokines. Cancer 97:1797.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang G, Krueger GRF, Buja LM (2003) A simplified and comprehensive computational model to study the behavior of T cell populations in the thymus during normal maturation and in infection with mouse moloney leukemiavirus. In Vivo 17:225.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang G, Krueger GRF, Buja LM (2004) A continuous model studying T cell differentiation and lymphomagenesis and its distinction with discrete models. Anticancer Res 24:1813, (in print).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Warnatz H (1979) Cell mediated immune reactions in patients with colon carcinoma. In: Flad HD (ed) Immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy of malignant tumors. Springer, Berlin, pp 122–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wedderburn N, Salaman MH (1968) The immunodepressive effect of Friend virus. II. Reduction of haemolysin-producing cells in primary and secondary responses. Immunology 15:439.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein IB, Carothers AM, Santella M, Perrera FP (1995) Molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis and multistage carcinogenesis. In: Mendelsohn J, Howley PM, Israel MA, Liotta LA (eds) The molecular basis of cancer. WB Saunders Co, Philadelphia, pp 59–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • West WH, Cannon GB, Kay D, Bonnard BD, Herberman RB (1977) Natural cytotoxic reactivity of human lymphocytes against a myeloid cell line: characterization of effector cells. J Natl Cancer Inst 58:155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams RM (1977) Experimental models with possible implications for the role of HLA in malignancy. In: HLA and malignancy. Alan Riss, NY, pp 21–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yokoe T, Iino Y, Morishita Y (2000) Trends of IL-6 and IL-8 levels in patients with recurrent breast cancer: preliminary report. Breast Cancer 7:187.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoo BK, Cassin M, Lessin SR, Rook AH (2001) Complete molecular remission during biologic response modifier therapy for Sezary syndrome is associated with enhanced helper T type 1 cytokine production and natural killer cell activity. J Am Acad Dermatol 45:208.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu DTY, Paulus HE, Peter JB (1975) Human lymphocyte subpopulations. Effect of immunosuppressive therapies. In: Williams RC (ed) Lymphocytes and their iunteractions. Raven, New York, pp 157–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zembala M, Mytar B, Popiela T, Asherson GL (1977) Depressed in vitro peripheral blood lymphocyte response to mitogens in cancer patients. The role of suppressor cells.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zollinger HU (1960) Radio-Histologie und Radio-Histopathologie. In: Buechner F (ed) Handb Allg Path. Springer, Berlin, pp 127–287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zur Hausen H (1975) Oncogenic herpes viruses. Biochim Biophys Acta 417:25.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer Science + Business Media B.V

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Krueger, G.R.F., Buja, L.M. (2008). Abnormal variation of the immune response as related to cancer. In: Kaiser, H.E., Nasir, A. (eds) Selected Aspects of Cancer Progression: Metastasis, Apoptosis and Immune Response. Cancer Growth and Progression, vol 11. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6729-7_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6729-7_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-6728-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-6729-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics