Since the nineteenth century, it is known, through the work of Lobatchevski, Riemann, and Gauss, that spaces do not need to have a vanishing curvature. This was for sure a revolution on its own, however, from the point of view of these mathematicians, the space of our day to day experience, the physical space, was still an essentially a priori concept that preceded all experience and was independent of any physical phenomena. Actually, that was also the view of Newton and Kant with respect to time, even though, for these two space-time explorers, the world was Euclidean.
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Bertolami, O. (2007). The Adventures of Space-Time. In: Petkov, V. (eds) Relativity and the Dimensionality of the World. Fundamental Theories of Physics, vol 153. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6318-3_3
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