Abstract
The viscous properties of a wide variety of reconstituted loose and dense unbound granular materials, including natural sands and gravels, were evaluated by a series of drained triaxial compression (TC) tests at fixed confining pressure. In total sixteen granular materials having different mean particle diameters, D50, coefficients of uniformities, Uc, fines contents, FC, degrees of crushability and particle shapes were newly tested. The viscous properties were quantified basically by many times changing stepwise the axial strain rate and partially by performing drained sustained loading during otherwise drained monotonic loading (ML) at a constant strain rate. It is shown that the viscous properties can be represented by the rate-sensitivity of the stress upon a step change in the strain rate, the decay rate of a viscous stress increment during the subsequent ML at a constant strain rate and the dependency of the residual stress during ML at a constant strain rate. The effects of the particle characteristics on the viscous properties were evaluated by summarising the results from the present and previous studies. As a new and surprising fact, with poorly graded unbound round granular materials, the stress for the same strain during ML at a constant strain rate decreases with an increase in the strain rate.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aqil, U., Tatsuoka, F., Uchimura, T., Lohani, T.N., Tomita, Y. and Matsushima, K. (2005); “Strength and deformation characteristics of recycled concrete aggregate as a backfill material”, Soils and Foundations, Vol. 45,No. 4, pp.53–72.
Chambon, G., Schmittbuhl, J. and Corfdir, A. (2002): “Laboratory gouge friction: seismiclike slip weakening and secondary rate-and state-effects”, Geophysical Research Letters, Vol.29,No. 10,10.10.1029/2001GL014467, pp.4-1–4-4.
Day, P. (2005), “Long term settlement of granular fills”, Summary of Practioner/Academic Forum, Preprint for 16th ICSMGE, Osaka.
Di Benedetto, H., Tatsuoka, F. and Ishihara, M. (2002): “Time-dependent shear deformation characteristics of sand and their constitutive modeling”, Soils and Foundations, Vol.42,No. 2, pp.1–22.
Di Benedetto, H., Tatsuoka, F., Lo Presti, D., Sauzéat, C. and Geoffroy, H. (2004): “Time effects on the behaviour of geomaterials”, Keynote Lecture, Proc. 3rd Int. Sym. on Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials, IS Lyon 03 (Di Benedetto et al. eds.), Balkema, September, 2003, Vol.2, pp.59–123.
Goto, S., Tatsuoka, F., Shibuya, S., Kim, Y.-S., and Sato, T. (1991), “A simple gauge for local small strain measurements in the laboratory”, Soils and Foundations, Vol.31,No. 1, pp.169–180.
Hoque, E. and Tatsuoka, F. (1998): “Anisotropy in the elastic deformation of granular materials”, Soils and Foundations, Vol.38,No. 1, pp.163–179.
Jardine, R.J., Standing, J.R. and Kovacevic, N. (2004), “Lessons learned from sull scale observations and the practical application of advanced testing and modelling”, Keynote Lecture, Proc. 3rd Int. Sym. on Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials, IS Lyon 03 (Di Benedetto et al. eds.), Balkema, September, 2003, Vol.2, pp.201–245.
Kiyota, T. and Tatsuoka, F. (2006): “Viscous property of loose sand in triaxial compression, extension and cyclic loading”, Soils and Foundations (accepted for publication).
Kongkitkul, W., Tatsuoka, F. and Hirakawa, D. (2005); “Behaviour of geogrid-reinforced sand subjected to sustained loading in plane strain compression”, Geosynthetics and Geosynthetic-Engineered Soil Structures, Symposium Honoring Prof. Robert M. Koener (Ling et al. eds.), pp.251–280.
Leroueil, S. and Hight, D.W. (2003): “Behaviour and properties of natural soils and soft rocks”, Characterisation and engineering properties of natural soil (Tan et al. eds.), Balkema, Vol.1, pp.29–254.
Mair, K. and Marone, C. (1999): “Friction of simulated fault gouge for a wide range of velocities and normal stresses”, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 104,No.B12, pp.28,899–28,914, December 10.
Matsushita, M., Tatsuoka, F., Koseki, J., Cazacliu, B., Di Benedetto, H. and Yasin, S.J.M. (1999): “Time effects on the pre-peak deformation properties of sands”, Proc. Second Int. Conf. on Pre-Failure Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials, IS Torino’ 99 (Jamiolkowski et al., eds.), Balkema, Vol.1, pp.681–689.
Nawir, H., Tatsuoka, F. and Kuwano, R. (2003a). “Experimental evaluation of the viscous properties of sand in shear” Soils and Foundations, Vol.43,No.6, pp.13–31.
Nawir, H., Tatsuoka, F. and Kuwano, R. (2003b): “Viscous effects on the shear yielding characteristics of sand”, Soils and Foundations, Vol.43,No.6, pp.33–50.
Tatsuoka, F., Molenkamp, F., Torii, T. and Hino, T. (1984), “Behavior of lubrication layers of platens in element tests”, Soils and Foundations, Vol.24,No. 1, pp.113–128.
Tatsuoka, F. and Kohata, Y. (1995), “Stiffness of hard soils and soft rocks in engineering applications”, Keynote Lecture, Proc. of Int. Symposium Pre-Failure eformation of Geomaterials (Shibuya et al., eds.), Balkema, Vol. 2, pp.947–1063.
Tatsuoka, F., Jardine, R.J., Lo Presti, D., Di Benedetto, H. and Kodaka, T. (1999), “Characterising the Pre-Failure Deformation Properties of Geomaterials”, Theme Lecture for the Plenary Session No. 1, Proc. of XIV IC on SMFE, Hamburg, September 1997, Volume 4, pp.2129–2164.
Tatsuoka, F., Uchimura, T., Hayano, K., Di Benedetto, H., Koseki, J. and Siddiquee, M.S.A. (2001); “Time-dependent deformation characteristics of stiff geomaterials in engineering practice”, the Theme Lecture, Proc. of the Second International Conference on Pre-failure Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials, Torino, 1999, Balkema (Jamiolkowski et al., eds.), Vol. 2, pp.1161–1262.
Tatsuoka, F., Ishihara, M., Di Benedetto, H. and Kuwano, R. (2002): Time-dependent compression deformation characteristics of geomaterials and their simulation, Soil and foundation, Vol.42,No.2, pp.103–138.
Tatsuoka, F. (2004). “Effects of viscous properties and ageing on the stress-strain behaviour of geomaterials”, Geomechanics-Testing, Modeling and Simulation, Proceedings of the GIJGS workshop, Boston, ASCE Special Geotechnical SPTNo. 143 (Yamamuro & Koseki eds.), pp.1–60.
Tatsuoka, F., Enomoto, T. and Kiyota, T. (2006): “Viscous properties of geomaterials in drained shear”, Geomechanics-Testing, Modeling and Simulation, Proceedings of the Second GI-JGS workshop, Osaka, ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication GSP (Lade et al., eds.)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer
About this paper
Cite this paper
Enomoto, T., Tatsuoka, F., Shishime, M., Kawabe, S., Di Benedetto, H. (2007). Viscous Property of Granular Material in Drained Triaxial Compression. In: Ling, H.I., Callisto, L., Leshchinsky, D., Koseki, J. (eds) Soil Stress-Strain Behavior: Measurement, Modeling and Analysis. Solid Mechanics and Its Applications, vol 146. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6146-2_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6146-2_21
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-6145-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-6146-2
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)