Abstract
This chapter describes algebraic consequences of the existence of a non-trivial elementary embedding of V λ into itself (Axiom I3). In addition to composition, the family of all elementary embeddings of the considered structure V λ is equipped with a second binary operation essentially consisting in applying one embedding to another one. This operation satisfies the self-distributivity law x(yz)=(xy)(xz) and, if j is a non-trivial elementary embedding as above, the closure of j under application is a free self-distributive system. Moreover, identifying embeddings that coincide up to some level leads to a sequence of finite quotients, the Laver tables. The main applications obtained so far are a solution to the Word Problem of the self-distributivity law, and a proof that the periods in Laver tables go to infinity with the size. Alternative approaches avoiding elementary embeddings have been found in the first case, but the question of whether a large cardinal hypothesis is necessary remains open in the second.
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Dehornoy, P. (2010). Elementary Embeddings and Algebra. In: Foreman, M., Kanamori, A. (eds) Handbook of Set Theory. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5764-9_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5764-9_12
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