Abstract
Several recent studies warn that under ‘Business-as-Usual’ a water crisis is impending, suggesting that appropriate actions need to be taken on the water supply and demand side. While many measures to alleviate water scarcity are within the water sector, it is increasingly recognized that many drivers, policies and institutions outside the water sector have large and real implications on how water is being allocated and used. Important drivers for water use include population and income growth, urbanization, trade and other macroeconomic policies, environmental regulations and climate policy. While some of these processes and trends, especially those at global level, may prove difficult to influence directly, it is important to understand their linkages with water issues to analyze the relative impact of various policies in the agricultural and water sectors on water and food security.
The strong linkages between economic trends, agricultural policies and water use call for an integrated and multidisciplinary modelling approach. The WATERSIM model, developed by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) is a suitable tool to explore the impacts of water and food related policies on global and regional water demand and supply, food production and the environment. This paper introduces the WATERSIM model and, using some preliminary results, illustrates the importance of global economic trends on food and water outcomes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alcamo J, Döll P, Kaspar F, Siebert S (1997) Global change and global scenarios of water use and availability: an application of water GAP 1.0. Center for Environmental System Research (CESR), University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
Allen RG, Pereira LS, Raes D, Smith M (1998) Crop evapotranspiration, guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56
Agcaoili MC, Oga K, Rosegrant MW (1993) Structure and Operation of the International Food Policy and Trade Simulation (IFPTSIM) Model. Paper presented at the second workshop of the research project on projections and policy implications of medium-and long-term rice supply and demand. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
Cai X, Rosegrant M (2002) Global water demand and supply projections. Part 1: A modeling approach. Water Int 27(3):159–169
Chapagain AK, Hoekstra AY (2003) Virtual water flows between nations in relation to trade in livestock and livestock products. Value ofWater Research Report Series no. 13, UNESCO-IHE, Delft, The Netherlands
Doorenbos J, Kassam AH (1979) Crop yield versus water. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 33
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (2003) Unlocking the water potential of agriculture. ftp://ftp.fao.org/agl/aglw/docs/kyotofactsheet_e.pdf
Fraiture C de, Cai X, Rosegrant M, Molden D, Amarasinghe U (2003) Addressing the unanswered questions in global water policy: a methodology framework. Irrigation Drainage 52(1):21–30
Fraiture C de, Molden D, Amarasinghe U, Makin I (2001) Podium: Projecting global water supply and demand for food production in 2025. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (B. Hydrology Oceans and Atmosphere) 26(11/12):869–876
Huang J, Bouis H (1996) Structural Changes in the Demand for Food in Asia. Food, Agriculture, and the Environment Discussion Paper 11. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC
Keller A, Keller J (1995) Effective efficiency: A water use concept for allocating freshwater resources. Water Resources and Irrigation Division Discussion Paper 22. Winrock International, Arlington, Virginia, USA
Mitchell TD, Carter TR, Jones PD, Hulme M, New M (2003) A comprehensive set of high-resolution grids of monthly climate for Europe and the globe: the observed record (1901–2000) and 16 scenarios (2001–2100). J Clim: submitted
Molden D (1997) Accounting for water use and productivity. System-Wide Initiative on Water Management (SWIM) Paper No.1, International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Oga K, Gehlar C (1993) The International Food Policy Simulation (IFPSIM) Model: Documentation and Applications. Mimeo. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC
Renault D (2003) Value of virtual water in food: principles and virtues. In: Hoekstra AY, Hung PQ (eds) Proceedings of the international expert meeting on virtual water trade, IHE, Delft, the Netherlands
Rosegrant MW, Agcaoili-Sombilla M, Perez ND (1995) Global Food Projections to 2020: Implications for Investment. 2020 Vision for Food, Agriculture and the Environment Discussion Paper No.5. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC
Rosegrant MW, Paisner MS, Meijer S, Witcover J (2001) Global Food Projections to 2020: Emerging Trends and Alternative Futures. 2020 Vision Food Policy Report. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC
Rosegrant MW, Meijer S, Cline SA (2002) International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade (IMPACT): Model Description. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C. <http://www.ifpri.org/themes/impact/impactmodel.pdf>
Rosegrant MW, Cai X, Cline SA (2002) World Water and Food to 2025: Dealing with Scarcity. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C.
Rosegrant MW, Ringler C, Gerpacio RV (1999) Water and land resources and global food supply. In Food security, diversification and resource management: Refocusing the role of agriculture? In: Peters GH, von Braun J (eds) Proceedings of the 23rd international conference of agricultural economics, held at Sacramento, California, 10–16 August, 1997, Ashgate, Oxford
Sakthivadivel R, de Fraiture C, Molden D, Perry C, Kloezen W (1999) Indicators of land and water productivity in irrigated agriculture. Int J Water Resour Dev 15(1/2):161–179
Seckler D, Amarasinghe U, Molden D, de Silva R, Barker R (1998) World water and demand and supply, 1990–2025: scenarios and issues. Research report no. 19. International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Seckler D, Molden D, Amarasinghe U, de Fraiture C (2000) Water Issues for 2025: A research perspective. IWMI’s contribution to the 2nd World Water Forum. International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Shiklomanov I (2000) Appraisal and assessment of world water resources. Water Int 25(1):11–32
Shiklomanov IA (1999) Electronic data. Provided to the Scenario Development Panel, World Commission on Water for the 21st Century. Mimeo
Smakhtin V, Revenga C, Döll P (2004) Taking into account environmental water requirements in global-scale water resources assessments. Comprehensive Assessment Research Report no. 2. International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Tuong TP, Bouman BAM (2003) Rice production in water-scarce environments. In: Kijne JW, Barker R, Molden D (eds) Water productivity in agriculture: Limits and opportunities for improvement. CAB International Publishing
USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) (1967) Irrigation water requirements. Technical release No. 21. Engineering Division, Soil Conservation Service (SCS)
Vörösmarty C, Green P, Salisbury J, Lammers B (2000) Global water resources: vulnerability from climate change and population growth. Science 289(5477):284–288
World Bank (1998) World Development Indicators 1998. Washington, DC
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
de Fraiture, C. (2006). Integrated water and food analysis at the global and basin level. An application of WATERSIM. In: Craswell, E., Bonnell, M., Bossio, D., Demuth, S., Van De Giesen, N. (eds) Integrated Assessment of Water Resources and Global Change. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5591-1_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5591-1_12
Received:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-5590-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-5591-1
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)