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Polar Phases

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Voltage-Sensitive Ion Channels

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Analogy is a very powerful method of extending our knowledge. By seeing the similarities between the object under investigation with another, better understood object, we can often obtain insights that advance our thinking. However, the method of analogy has a serious drawback: We don't always know when to stop. We often continue to equate the object with its analog even when the method is no longer fruitful. We must be prepared to drop the analogy when it no longer yields worthwhile results. We have seen that the gated-pore analogy is no longer a useful way to look at ion channels at the research level. Now let us consider another analogy: that the channel acts like a ferroelectric material. To justify this juxtaposition of concepts, we must see if there are indeed significant similarities. At the same time, we must also look for any differences between the structures and behaviors of voltage-sensitive ion channels and ferroelectrics.

We have seen from the comparison of noise and admittance spectra in Chapter 11 that the behavior of excitable membranes is nonlinear, implying nonlinearity in the responses of voltage-sensitive ion channels. Other clues to nonlinearity are the generation of second and higher harmonics (Chapter 10, Figure 10.10) and the semicircles with depressed centers on Cole—Cole curves (Chapters 10 and 11). In this chapter we will explore a nonlinear mathematical model.

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H. Richard Leuchtag

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(2009). Polar Phases. In: Leuchtag, H.R. (eds) Voltage-Sensitive Ion Channels. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5525-6_16

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