Abstract
There is an urgent need to maintain and restore a broad genetic base for the management of Dalbergia monticola, a very economically important but endangered tree species in Madagascar. Random amplified polymorphism DNAs (RAPDs) and chloroplast micro-satellite markers were used to quantify the genetic variation and to analyse the geographic distribution of diversity. Ten locations covering most of the natural range were sampled. Sixty-three RAPD polymorphic and 15 monomorphic loci were obtained from 122 individuals. Genetic diversity was low and very close among populations and regions. The unrooted neighbour-joining tree exhibited 4 groups, representing 6% (p = 0.000) of the total variation. The greater part of the variance, 81%, was observed within populations. A Mantel test suggested that genetic distances between populations were weakly correlated with geographic distances (R = 0.46, p = 0.12). The three chloroplast microsatellite primers assayed on 100 individuals gave 13 chlorotypes. Most of the populations showed 2 or 3 haplotypes. Haplotype diversity for the total population was equal to He Cp = 0.83 and ranged from 0.00 to 0.80 among the populations. The unrooted neighbour-joining tree exhibited 4 groups corresponding to the four regions representing 80% (p = 0.0000) of the total variation. Genetic diversity varies with regions, the north and south being less variable. Chlorotype distribution, the phylogenetic tree and historical information suggest that putative refugias in the centre-north region originating from the early Holocene could explain the pattern of variation observed today. By combining the results obtained at nuclear and organellar loci, a strategy of conservation based on evolutionarily significant units is proposed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adams J.M. and Faure H. 1997. Preliminary vegetation maps of the world since the last glacial maximum: an aid to archeological understanding. J. Archeol. Sci. 24: 623–647.
Aide T.M. and Rivera E. 1998. Geographic patterns of genetic diversity in Poulsenia amata (Moraceae): implications for the theory of Pleistocene refugia and the importance of ripian forest. J. Biogeogr. 25: 695–705.
Barrett S.C.H. 1998. The reproductive biology and genetics of island plants. In: P.R. Grant (ed), Evolution on islands. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 19–34.
Bekessy S.A., Allnutt T.R., Premoli A.C., Lara A., Ennos R.A., Burgman M.A., Cortes M. and Newton A.C. 2002. Genetic variation in the vulnerable and endemic Monkey Puzzle tree, detected using RAPDs. Heredity 88: 243–249.
Bousquet J., Simon L. and Lalonde M. 1990. DNA amplification from vegetative and sexual tissues of trees using polymerase chain reaction. Can. J. Forest. Res. 20: 254–257.
Bouvet J.-M., Fontaine C., Sanou H. and Cardi C. 2004. An analysis of the pattern of genetic variation in Vitellaria paradoxa using RAPD markers. Agroforest. Syst. 60: 61–69.
Briggs J.C. 2003. The biogeographic and tectonic history of India. J. Biogeogr. 30: 381–388.
Bryan G.J., McNicoll J., Ramsay G., Meyer R.C. and De Jong W.S. 1999. Polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers in chloroplast genomes of solanaceous plants. Theoret. Appl. Genet. 99: 859–867.
Burney D.A. 1996. Climate change and fire ecology as factors in the quaternary biogeography of Madagascar. In: Lourenço W.R. (ed.), Edition de l’ORSTOM Biogéographie de Madagascar. Orstrom, Paris, France, pp. 49–58.
Cavers S., Navarro C. and Lowe A.J. 2003. A combination of molecular markers identifies evolutionarily significant units in Cedrela odorata L. (Meliaceae) in Costa Rica. Conserv. Genet. 4: 571–580.
Collevatti R.G., Grattapaglia D. and Hay J.D. 2003. Evidence for multiple lineages of Caryocar brasiliense populations in the Brazilian Cerrado based on the analysis of chloroplast DNA sequence and microsatellite haplotype variation. Mol. Ecol. 12: 105–115.
Dutech C., Maggia L. and Joly H.I. 2000. Chloroplast diversity in Vouacapoua americana (Caesalpiniaceae), a neotropical forest tree. Mol. Ecol. 9: 1427–1432.
Echt C.S., DeVerno L.L., Anzidei M. and Vendramin G.G. 1998. Chloroplast microsatellites reveal population genetic diversity in red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait. Mol. Ecol. 7: 307–316.
Ennos R.A. 1994. Estimating the relative rates of pollen and seed migration among plant populations. Heredity 72: 250–259.
Esselman E.J., Crawford D.J., Brauner S., Stuessy T.F., Anderson G.J. and Silva O.M. 2000. RAPD marker diversity within and divergence among species of Dendroseris (Asteraceae: Lactuceae). Am. J. Bot. 87(4): 591–596.
Excoffier L., Smouse P.E. and Quattro J.M. 1992. Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distance among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics 131: 479–491.
Gasse F. and Van Campo E. 2001. Late quaternary environmental changes from a pollen and diatom record in the southern tropics (lake Tritivakely, Madagascar). Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. 167: 287–308.
Gillies A.C.M., Cornelius J.P., Newton A.C., Navarro C., Hernandez M. and Wilson J. 1997. Genetic variation in Costa Rican populations of the tropical timber species Cedrela odorata L., using RAPDs. Mol. Ecol. 6: 1133–1145.
Grivet D. and Petit R. 2003. Chloroplast DNA phylogeography of the hornbeam in Europe: evidence for the bottleneck at the outset of the postglacial colonisation. Conserv. Genet. 4: 47–56.
Goudet J. 2001. FSTAT, a program to estimate and test gene diversities and fixation indices (version 2.9.3). Available from http://www.nil.ch/izea/softwares/fstat.html.
Holsinger K.E. 1996. The scope and the limits of conservation genetics. Evolution 50: 2558–2561.
King R.A. and Ferris C. 1998. Chloroplast DNA phylogeography of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Mol. Ecol. 7: 1151–1161.
Kwon J.A. and Morden C.W. 2002. Population genetic structure of two rare tree species (Colubrina oppositifolia and Alphitonia ponderosa, Rhamnaceae) from Hawaiian dry and mesic forest using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Mol. Ecol. 11: 991–1001.
Lynch M., Pfrender M., Spitze K., Lehman N., Hicks J., Allen D., Latta L., Ottene M., Bogue F. and Colbourne J. 1999. The quantitative and molecular genetic architecture of a subdivided species. Evolution 53: 100–110.
Marshall H.D., Newton C. and Ritland K. 2002. Chloroplast phylogeography and evolution of highly polymorphic microsatellites in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta). Theoret. Appl. Genet. 104: 367–378.
Martin J.P. and Hernandez Bermejo J.E. 2000. Genetic variation in the endemic and endangered Rosmarinus tomentosus Huber-Morath & Maire (Labiatae) using RAPD markers. Heredity 85: 434–443.
Moritz C. 1994. Defining significant units for conservation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 9: 373–375.
Myers N., Mittermeier R.A., Mittermeier C.G., da Fonseca G.A.B. and Kent J. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403: 853–858.
Nybom H. and Bartish I.V. 2000. Effects of life history traits and sampling strategies on genetic diversity estimates obtained with RAPD markers in plants. Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. 3: 93–114.
Nesbitt K.A., Potts B.M., Vaillancourt R.E., West A.K. and Reid J.B. 1995. Partitioning and distribution of RAPD variation in a forest tree species, Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae). Heredity 74: 628–637.
Newton A.C., Allnutt T.R., Dvorak W.S., Del Castillo R.F. and Ennos R.A. 2002. Patterns of genetic variation in Pinus chiapensis, a threatened Mexican pine, detected by RAPD and mitochondrial DNA RFLP markers. Heredity 89: 191–198.
Newton A.C., Allnutt T.R., Gillies A.C.M., Lowe A.J. and Ennos R.A. 1999. Molecular phylogeography, intraspecific variation and the conservation of tree species. TREE 14(4): 140–145.
Palme A.E. and Verdramin G.G. 2002. Chloroplast DNA variation, postglacial recolonization and hybridation in hazel, Corylus avellana. Mol. Ecol. 11: 1769–1779.
Perrier X., Flori A. and Bonnot F. 2003. Data analysis methods. In: Hamon P., Seguin M., Perrier X. and Glaszmann J.C. (eds), Genetic diversity of cultivated tropical plants Enfield. Science Publishers, Montpellier, pp. 43–76.
Rajagopal J., Bashyam L., Bhatia S., Khurana D.K., Srivastava P.S. and Lakshmikumaran M. 2000. Evaluation of genetic diversity in the Himalayan poplar using RAPD markers. Silvae Genet. 49(2): 49–66.
Raspé O., Saumitou-Laprade P., Cuguen J. and Jacquemart A.-L. 2000. Chloroplast DNA haplotype variation and population differentiation in Sorbus aucuparia L. (Rosaceae: Maloideae). Mol. Ecol. 9: 1113–1122.
Savolainen O. and Kuittinen H. 2000. Small population processes. In: Youg A., Boshier D. and Boyle T. (eds), Forest Conservation Genetics. Principles and Practises, CSIRO Publishing Collingwood Victoria, Australia. pp. 94–100.
Schierenbeck K.A., Skupski M., Lieberman D. and Lieberman M. 1997. Population structure and genetic diversity in four tropical tree species in Costa Rica. Mol. Ecol. 6: 137–144.
Schneider S., Roessli D. and Excoffier L. 2000. Arlequin version 2000: a software for population genetics data analysis. Genetics and Biometrics Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Straka H. 1996. Histoire de la végétation de Madagascar oriental dans les derniers 100 millénaires. In: Lourenc’ORSTOM, Biogéographie de Madagascar. Orstrom, Paris, France, pp. 37–47.
Vendramin G.G., Anzidei M., Madaghiele A., Sperisen C. and Bucci G. 1998. Distribution of genetic diversity in Pinus pinaster Ait. as revealed by chloroplast microsatellites. Theoret. Appl. Genet. 97: 456–463.
Viard F., El-Kassaby Y.A. and Ritland K. 2001. Diversity and genetic structure in populations of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Pinaceae) at chloroplast microsatellite loci. Genome 44: 336–344.
Weising K. and Gardner R.C. 1999. A set of conserved PVR primers for the analysis of simple sequence repeat polymorphism in chloroplast genomes of dicotyledonous angiosperms. Genome 42: 9–19.
Willis K.J. and Whittaker R.J. 2000. The refugial debate. Science 287: 1406–1407.
Wu J., Krutovskii K.V. and Strauss S.H. 1999. Nuclear DNA diversity, population differentiation and phylogenetic relatioships in the California closed-cone pines based on RAPD and allozyme markers. Genome 42: 893–908.
Yeh F.C. and Boyle T.J.B. 1997. Population genetic analysis of co-dominant and dominant markers and quantitative traits. Belg. J. Bot. 129: 157.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Andrianoelina, O., Rakotondraoelina, H., Ramamonjisoa, L., Maley, J., Danthu, P., Bouvet, JM. (2006). Genetic diversity of Dalbergia monticola (Fabaceae) an endangered tree species in the fragmented oriental forest of Madagascar. In: Hawksworth, D.L., Bull, A.T. (eds) Forest Diversity and Management. Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5208-8_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5208-8_4
Received:
Accepted:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-5207-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-5208-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)