Abstract
Breivik was a unique solo terrorist in some ways, but also average in some other respects. To clarify the distinctions and similarities between Breivik and other solo terrorists, a comparative assessment is conducted. After a definitional elaboration, the chapter provides comparisons in a number of areas. The challenges with regard to detection and the limitations of the intelligence driven approach is also addressed.
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Notes
For books covering solo terrorist or lone actor terrorism see Spaaij, R. (2012). Understanding Lone Wolf Terrorism. London: Springer;
Simon, J.D. (2013). Lone Wolf Terrorism: Understanding the Growing Threat. Prometheus books;
Gill, P. (2015). Lone-Actor terrorists. A Behavioural Analysis. London: Routledge.
This is extensively covered in Schmid, A.P. (ed. 2011). The Routledge Handbook of Terrorism Research. S.39 and Appendix 2. 1. London: Routledge.
See also English, R. (2009). Terrorism-How to Respond. Oxford: Oxford University Press;
Crenshaw, M. (2011). Explaining Terrorism. London: Routledge;
Lia, B. (2005). The Globalization and the Future of Terrorism. London: Routledge.
Daily Mail (2013). Terrifying bomb arsenal of the would be Breivik who “killed his own mother when she found out about plan to blow up Polish parliament”.
Der Spiegel (2011). Attentat in Norwegen: Verfassungsschutz warnt vor Breivik Nachahmern.
Der Spiegel (2006). Karikaturen-Streit: Pakistaner verbrennen deutsche Flagge.
Dansk Radio (2014). Fakta: Det ved vi om Lars Hedegaards formodede attentatmand.
BBC News (2013). Mosque bomber Pavlo Lapshyn given life for murder.
On this subject in general, see also Wilkinson, Paul (ed. 1993). Technology and Terrorism. London: Frank Cass;
Ranstorp, M. & Normark, M. (2015). Understanding Terrorism Innovation and Learning. Oxon: Routledge.
Astrup, S. & Herschend, S.S. (2012) Ny anklage: Tiltalte planlagde juleterror. Politiken.
DR (2014). Fakta: Det ved vi om Lars Hedegaards formodede attentatmand.
Jyllands-posten (2015). Fakta: Det ved vi nu om skyderierne i København.
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© 2016 Cato Hemmingby and Tore Bjørgo
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Hemmingby, C., Bjørgo, T. (2016). Breivik in a Comparative Perspective. In: The Dynamics of a Terrorist Targeting Process: Anders B. Breivik and the 22 July Attacks in Norway. Palgrave Hate Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-57997-3_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-57997-3_8
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