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Human Tropomyosin Isoforms in the Regulation of Cytoskeleton Functions

  • Chapter
Tropomyosin

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 644))

Abstract

Over the past two decades, extensive molecular studies have identified multiple tropomyosin isoforms existing in all mammalian cells and tissues. In humans, tropomyosins are encoded by TPM1 (α-Tm, 15q22.1), TPM2 (β-Tm, 9p13.2–p13.1), TPM3 (γ-Tm, 1q21.2) and TPM4 (δ-Tm, 19p13.1) genes. Through the use of different promoters, alternatively spliced exons and different sites of poly(A) addition signals, at least 22 different tropomyosin cDNAs with full-length open reading frame have been cloned. Compelling evidence suggests that these isoforms play important determinants for actin cytoskeleton functions, such as intracellular vesicle movement, cell migration, cytokinesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis. In vitro biochemical studies and in vivo localization studies suggest that different tropomyosin isoforms have differences in their actin-binding properties and their effects on other actin-binding protein functions and thus, in their specification of actin microfilaments. In this chapter, we will review what has been learned from experimental studies on human tropomyosin isoforms about the mechanisms for differential localization and functions of tropomyosin. First, we summarize current information concerning human tropomyosin isoforms and relate this to the functions of structural homologues in rodents. We will discuss general strategies for differential localization of tropomyosin isoforms, particularly focusing on differential protein turnover and differential isoform effects on other actin binding protein functions. We will then review tropomyosin functions in regulating cell motility and in modulating the anti-angiogenic activity of cleaved high molecular weight kininogen (HKa) and discuss future directions in this area.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of Iowa, 340BBE, Iowa City, IA, 52242-1324, USA

    Jim Jung-Ching Lin, Robbin D. Eppinga & Kerri S. Warren

  2. Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Keith R. McCrae

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  1. Jim Jung-Ching Lin
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  2. Robbin D. Eppinga
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  3. Kerri S. Warren
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  4. Keith R. McCrae
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Correspondence to Jim Jung-Ching Lin .

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  1. Oncology Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Peter Gunning PhD

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Lin, J.JC., Eppinga, R.D., Warren, K.S., McCrae, K.R. (2008). Human Tropomyosin Isoforms in the Regulation of Cytoskeleton Functions. In: Gunning, P. (eds) Tropomyosin. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 644. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-85766-4_16

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