Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Childhood Intra-thoracic Tuberculosis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Hot Topics in Infection and Immunity in Children V

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 634))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • American Thoracic Society. Treatment of Tuberculosis and tuberculosis infection in adults and children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149: 1359–1374

    Google Scholar 

  • Andronikou S, Joseph E, Lucas S et al. CT scanning for the detection of tuberculous mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy in children. Pediatr Radiol 2004; 34: 232–236

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bentley FJ, Grzybowski S, Benjamin B. Tuberculosis in childhood and adolescence. The National Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis. Waterlow and Sons Ltd, London 1954: 1–213 and 238–253

    Google Scholar 

  • Chintu C, Mudenda V, Lucas S et al. Lung diseases at necropsy in African children dying from respiratory illnesses: a descriptive necropsy study. Lancet 2002; 360: 985–990

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corbett EL. The growing burden of tuberculosis. Global trends and interactions with the HIV epidemic. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163: 1009–1021

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Donald PR, Seifart HI. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of ethionamide in children with tuberculous meningitis. J Pediatr 1989; 115: 483–486

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Donald PR, Sirgel FA, Venter A et al. The influence of human N-acetyltransferase genotype on the early bactericidal activity of isoniazid. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39: 1425–1430

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Du Toit G, Swingler G, Iloni K. Observer variation in detecting lymphadenopathy on chest radiography. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2002; 6: 814–817

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ellard GA, Humphries MJ, Allen BW. Cerebrospinal fluid drug concentrations and the treatment of tuberculous meningitis. Am Rev Resp Dis 1993; 148: 650–655

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ena J, Valls V, Short-course therapy with rifampin plus Isoniazid, compared with standard therapy with Isoniazid, for latent tuberculosis infection: a meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40: 670–676

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goussard P, Gie RP, Kling S, Beyers N. Expansile pneumonia in children caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: clinical, radiological and bronchoscopic appearances. Pediatr Pulm 2004; 38: 451–455

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hesseling AC, Schaaf HS, Gie RP, Starke JR, Beyers N. A critical review of diagnostic approaches used in the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis. Int J Lung Dis 2002; 6: 1038–1045

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keers RY: Pulmonary tuberculosis: A journey down the centuries. London, Baillaire-Tindall, 1978

    Google Scholar 

  • Leung AN, Muller NL, Pineda PR, et al. Primary tuberculosis in childhood: radiographic manifestations. Radiology 1992; 182: 87–91

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Madhi S, Gray G, Huebner RE et al. Correlation between CD4+ lymphocyte counts, concurrent antigen skin test and tuberculin skin test reactivity in human immunodeficiency virus type 1–infected and uninfected children with tuberculosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999; 18: 800–805

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marais BJ, Gie RP, Schaaf HS et al. The clinical epidemiology of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis—A critical review of the pre-chemotherapy literature. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2004a; 8: 278–285

    Google Scholar 

  • Marais BJ, Gie RP, Schaaf HS et al. The natural history of childhood intra-thoracic tuberculosis—A critical review of the pre-chemotherapy literature. Int J Tuberc L Dis. 2004b; 8: 392–402

    Google Scholar 

  • Marais BJ, Gie RP, Schaaf HS, Starke JR et al. A proposed radiological classification of childhood intra-thoracic tuberculosis. Ped Rad 2004c; 33: 886–894

    Google Scholar 

  • Marais BJ, Donald PR, Gie RP, Schaaf HS, Beyers N. Diversity of disease manifestations in childhood pulmonary tuberculosis. Ann Trop Paed 2005a; 25: 79–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Marais BJ, Gie RP, Hesseling AC, Beyers N. Adult-type pulmonary tuberculosis in children aged 10–14 years. Pediatr Inf Dis J 2005b; 24: 743–744

    Google Scholar 

  • Marais BJ, Gie RP, Obihara CC, Hesseling AC, Schaaf HS, Beyers N. Well-defined symptoms have improved value in the diagnostics of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis. Arch Dis Child 2005c; 90: 1162–1165

    Google Scholar 

  • Marais BJ, Obihara CC, Gie RP, Schaaf HS, Hesseling AC, Lombard C, Enarson D, Bateman E, Beyers N. The prevalence of symptoms associated with pulmonary tuberculosis in the average child from a high-burden community. Arch Dis Child 2005d; 90: 1166–1170

    Google Scholar 

  • Marais BJ, Obihara CC, Warren RM et al. The burden of childhood tuberculosis—a public health perspective. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2005e; 9: 1305–1313

    Google Scholar 

  • Marais BJ, Gie RP, Hesseling AC, Schaaf HS, Enarson DA, Beyers N. Radiographic signs and symptoms in children treated for tuberculosis: possible implications for symptom-based screening in resource-limited settings. Ped Infect Dis J 2006a; 25: 237–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Marais BJ, Gie RP, Schaaf HS et al. A refined-symptom-based approach to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis in children. Pediatrics 2006b; 118: e1350–e1359

    Google Scholar 

  • Marais BJ, Gie RP, Schaaf HS, Donald PR, Beyers N, Starke J. Childhood pulmonary tuberculosis—Old wisdom and new challenges. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2006c; 173: 1078–1090

    Google Scholar 

  • Marais BJ, Gie RP, Schaaf HS, Hesseling AC, Enarson DA, Beyers N. The spectrum of childhood tuberculosis in a highly endemic area. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2006d; 10: 732–738

    Google Scholar 

  • Marais BJ, Hesseling AC, Gie RP, Schaaf HS, Beyers N. The burden of childhood tuberculosis and the accuracy of routine surveillance data in a high-burden setting. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2006e; 10: 259–263

    Google Scholar 

  • Marais BJ, Hesseling AC, Gie RP, Schaaf HS, Enarson DA, Beyers N. Bacteriologic yield in children with intra-thoracic tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 2006 f. 42: e69–e71

    Google Scholar 

  • Marais BJ, van Zyl S, Schaaf HS, van Aardt M, Gie RP, Beyers N. Adherence to isoniazid preventive chemotherapy in children: a prospective community based study. Arch Dis Child 2006 g; 91: 762–765

    Google Scholar 

  • Marais BJ, Wright C, Gie RP, Hesseling AC, Schaaf HS, Enarson D, Beyers N. Etiology of persistent cervical adenopathy in children: a prospective community-based study in an area with a high incidence of tuberculosis. Pediatr Inf Dis J 2006 h; 25: 142–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Marais BJ. Adult-type TB in children. Expertos Invitados—Sociedad Iberoamericana de Infromacion Cientifica 2007; www.siicsalud.com

  • Marais BJ, Cotton M, Graham S, Beyers N. Diagnosis and management challenges of childhood TB in the era of HIV. Jnl Infect Dis 2007; 196 (Suppl 1): S76–S85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marais BJ, Pai M. New approaches and emerging technologies in the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis. Paediatr Respir Rev 2007; 8: 124–133

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson LJ, Wells CD. Global epidemiology of childhood tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2004; 8: 636–647

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Obihara CC, Beyers N, Gie RP et al. Inverse association between M. tuberculosis infection and atopic rhinitis in children. Allergy 2005; 60: 1121–1125

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osborne CM. The challenge of diagnosing childhood tuberculosis in a developing country. Arch Dis Child 1995; 72: 369–374

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pai M, Riley LW, Colford JM. Interferon-gamma assays in the immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis: a systematic review. Lancet Inf Dis 2004; 4: 761–776

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin SA. Tuberculosis—Captain of all these men of death. Rad Clin N Am 1995; 33: 619–639

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaaf HS, Michaelis IA, Richardson M et al. Adult-to-child transmission of tuberculosis: household or community contact? Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2003; 7: 426–431

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaaf HS, Parkin DP, Seifert HI et al. Isoniazid pharmacokinetics in children treated for respiratory tuberculosis. Arch Dis Child 2005; 90: 614–618

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaaf HS, Marais BJ, Hesseling AC, Gie RP, Beyers N, Donald PR. Drug-resistant tuberculosis in children: a comparison of two surveys. Acta Paediatr. 2006; 95: 523–528

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schaaf HS, Victor TC, Engelke E et al. Level of isoniazid resistance in children with drug resistant tuberculosis—implications for treatment. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 26: 203–205

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Starke JR. Pediatric tuberculosis: time for a new approach. Tuberculosis 2003; 83: 208–212

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Theart AC, Marais BJ, Gie RP, Hesseling AC, Beyers N. Criteria used for the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis at primary health care level in a high-burden, urban setting. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2005; 9: 1210–1214

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Zyl S, Marais BJ, Hesseling AC, Gie RP, Beyers N, Schaaf HS. Adherence to antituberculosis chemoprophylaxis and treatment in children. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2006; 10: 13–18

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verver S, Warren RM, Munch Z et al. Proportion of tuberculosis transmission that takes place in households in a high-incidence area. Lancet 2004; 363: 212–214

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weber HC, Beyers N, Gie RP, et al. The clinical and radiological features of tuberculosis in adolescents. Ann of Trop Paediatr 2000; 20: 5–10

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. Guidance for national tuberculosis programmes on the management of tuberculosis in children. WHO/HTM/TB/2006.371. Geneva: Switzerland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zar JZ, Hanslo D, Apolles P, Swingler G, Hussey G. Induced sputum versus gastric lavage for microbiological confirmation of pulmonary tuberculosis in infants and young children: a prospective study. Lancet 2005; 365: 130–134

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

I want to thank the childhood TB research team at the Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa, where most of the ideas presented here were developed. Also to the journals that permitted reproduction of previously published figures and images, including The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Annals of Tropical Paediatrics and Pediatric Radiology.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa

    Ben J. Marais

Authors
  1. Ben J. Marais
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ben J. Marais .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Child Life and Health, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, United Kingdom

    Adam Finn

  2. Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Flemington Road, Parkville , 3052, Australia

    Nigel Curtis

  3. University of Oxford, Level 4,John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom

    Andrew J. Pollard

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Marais, B.J. (2009). Childhood Intra-thoracic Tuberculosis. In: Finn, A., Curtis, N., Pollard, A. (eds) Hot Topics in Infection and Immunity in Children V. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 634. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79838-7_12

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation