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Pharmacogenetics of Antidepressant Response

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Biomarkers for Psychiatric Disorders

Abstract

Nowadays, the efficacy of antidepressant treatment and the profile of side effects are not predictable: sociodemographic and clinical variables have not provided clinicians with consistent support. Emerging evidence reports promising results from the genetic approach: pharmacogenetics identifies which genetic variations are associated with drug treatment outcome. Both pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic key genes have been investigated, and even though consistent conclusions are yet to come, several lines of evidence have led researchers to assume a promising future of effective pharmacogenetic-based pretreatment assessment. The most important antidepressant pharmacogenetic results in this field are reviewed in this chapter and future research lines are proposed.

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Abbreviations

5-HT1A:

Serotonin receptor 1 A

5-HT2A:

Serotonin receptor 2A

5-HT6:

Serotonin receptor 6

ABCB1:

ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1

Ach:

Acetylcholine

AD:

Antidepressant

B1AR:

Beta1 adrenoceptor

B2AR:

Beta2 adrenoceptor

CLOCK:

Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput

COMT:

Catechol-O-methyl transferase

CYP:

Cytochrome

CRH:

Corticotropin releasing hormone

D2:

Dopamine (receptor) type 2

D3:

Dopamine (receptor) type 3

D4:

Dopamine (receptor) type 4

DRD2:

(gene for the) dopamine receptor D 2

DRD3:

(gene for the) dopamine receptor D 3

DRD4:

(gene for the) dopamine receptor D 4

IL:

Interleukin

LSD:

Lysergic acid diethylamide

MAO-A:

Mono amino oxidase A

MB-COMT:

Membrane-bound COMT

MDD:

Major depressive disorder

NET:

Norepinephrine transporter

NO:

Nitric oxide synthase

OCD:

Obsessive compulsive disorder

SNP:

Single nucleotide polymorphism

SSRIs:

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

S-COMT:

Soluble form of COMT

TCA:

Tricyclic antidepressants

U.S. FDA:

Food and Drug Administration (United States)

VNTR:

Variable number tandem repeat

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    A. Serretti, A. Drago & Michael N Liebman

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    Serretti, A., Drago, A., Liebman, M.N. (2008). Pharmacogenetics of Antidepressant Response. In: Turck, C. (eds) Biomarkers for Psychiatric Disorders. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79251-4_14

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