Abstract
Development and application of crop models is increasingly constrained by the difficulty of implementing scientific information into an efficient simulation environment. Traditionally, researchers wrote their own models and tools, but as software has become much more complex, few researchers have the means to continue using this approach. New modeling paradigms provided by the software engineering industry can be successfully used to facilitate the process of software development for crop simulation systems.
This chapter outlines a model driven architecture (MDA )-based approach to construct a crop simulation model . This new modeling paradigm is a Unified Modeling Language (UML) -based approach. A conceptual model of the problem is first constructed to depict concepts from the domain of the crop simulation and their relationships. The conceptual model is then provided with details about the role each of the concepts plays in the simulation. The multiplicity of the associations between concepts is determined, and the behavior of each of the objects representing concepts of the domain is defined. Mostly, an object’s behavior in the crop simulation domain is expressed using equations. For this type of behavior, this new modeling paradigm offers a declarative way to write equations using attributes of objects participating in the conceptual diagram . For behavior that cannot be expressed through equations, a formal language is used to model behavior without the ambiguities that can be introduced by the use of natural language. Models can be validated and logical flows can be discovered before code generation.
An Extensible Markup Language (XML) representation of the conceptual model is used by an engine that generates automatically executable code in several programming environments such as Java , Enterprise Java Beans, Visual Basic, and .NET. Results obtained from this new approach are presented, and they coincide with results obtained with other approaches.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Booch, G., Rumbaugh, J., Jacobson, I. 1999. The Unified Modelling Language User Guide. Addison Wesley Longman.
Carnegie Mellon University, Software Engineering Institute. 1995. The Capability Maturity Model: Guidelines for Improving the Software Process. Addison Wesley Professional.
Clark, R., Papajorgji, P. 2005. Model Driven Architecture for Software Application Generation.
Cook, S., Daniels, J. 1994. Designing Object Systems – Object-Oriented Modeling with Syntropy. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
D’Souza, D.F., Wills, A.C. 1999. Objects, Components, and Frameworks with UML : The CATALYSIS Approach. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
Frankel, S.D. 2003. Model Driven Architecture . Applying MDA to Enterprise Computing. Wiley Publishing, Inc. OMG Press, Needham, MA.
Gartner Symposium, March 2004. http://symwest.blog.gartner.com.
Gartner, Inc. http://www.gartner.com
Hay, D.C. 2003. Requirements Analysis: From Business Views to Architecture. Pearson Education.
Jazayeri, M., Ran, A., Van Der Linden, F. 2000. Software Architecture for Product Families: Principle and Practice. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
Jones, C. 1996. Patterns of Software Systems Failure and Success. International Thompson Computer Press, Boston, MA.
Jones J.W., Keating, B.A., Porter, C. 2001. Approaches to modular model development. Agricultural Systems 70, 421–443.
van Kraalingen. D.W.G. 1995. The FSE system for crop simulation , version 2.1. Quantitative Approaches in Systems Analysis Report no. 1. AB/DLO, PE, Wageningen.
Kleppe, A., Warmer, J., Bast, W. 2003. MDA Explained. The Model Driven Architecture : Practice and Promise. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
Krill P. 2002. Sun hails open-source meta data repository. http://www.infoworld.com/articles/hn/xml/02/05/07/020507hnnetbeans.html.
McNeile, A. 2003. MDA : The vision with the hole. http://www.metamaxim.com
McNeile, A., Simons, N. 2004. Methods of Behaviour Modelling. A Commentary on Behavior Modelling Techniques for MDA . Metamaxim Ltd.
Mellor, J.S., Balcer J.M. 2002. Executable UML A foundation for Model-driven Architecture. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
Meyer, B. 1988. Object-Oriented Software Construction. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Miller, J., Mukerj, J. (Eds). 2003. MDA Guide Version 1.0.1. Document Number omg/2003-06-01. Object Modeling Group.
Object Management Group (OMG). http://omg.org/.
OMG Model Driven Architecture : How Systems Will be Built. http//omg.org/mda/.
Papajorgji, P., Beck, W.B., Braga, J.L. 2004. An architecture for developing service-oriented and component-based environmental models. Ecological Modelling 179/1, 61–76.
Papajorgji, P., Shatar, T. 2004. Using the Unified Modelling Language to develop soil water-balance and irrigation-scheduling models. Environmental Modelling & Software 19, 451e459.
Papajorgji, P. 2005. A plug and play approach for developing environmental models. Environmental Modelling & Software 20, 1353e1359.
Papajorgji, P., Pardalos, P. 2005. Software Engineering Techniques Applied to Agricultural Systems: An Object-Oriented and UML Approach. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Porter, C.H., Braga, R., Jones, J.W. 1999. Research Report No. 99-0701. Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
Rosenberg, D., Scott, K. 1999. Use Case Driven Object Modelling with UML : A Practical Approach. Addison Wesley Longman.
Sommerville, I., Sawyer, P. 1997. Requirements Engineering: A Good Practise Guide. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England.
Soley, R. 2000. Model driven Architecture. White paper draft 3.2. http://ftp.omg.org/pub/docs/omg/00-11-05.pdf.
Soley, R. 2002. Presentation: MDA : An introduction. http://omg.org/mda/presentations.htm.
Starr, L. 2002. Executable UML: How to Build Class Models. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Taivalsaari, A. 1996. On the notion of inheritance. ACM Computing Surveys 28 (3).
Walden, K. Nerson, J-M. 1995. Seamless Object-Oriented Software Architecture: Analysis and Design of Reliable Systems. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Warmer, J., Kleppe, A. 1999. The Object Constraint Language Precise Modelling with UML . Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
Wordsworth, J. 1992. Software Development with Z. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
Zeichick, A. 2002. Modelling Usage Low; Developers Confused About UML 2.0, MDA . SDTimes. 58 (July 15), 1.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Papajorgji, P., Clark, R., Jallas, E. (2009). The Model Driven Architecture Approach: A Framework for Developing Complex Agricultural Systems. In: Advances in Modeling Agricultural Systems. Springer Optimization and Its Applications, vol 25. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75181-8_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75181-8_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-75180-1
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-75181-8
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)