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Electromechanical and Chemical Sensing at the Nanoscale: DFT and Transport Modeling

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Computational Methods for Sensor Material Selection

Part of the book series: Integrated Analytical Systems ((ANASYS))

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Abstract

Of the many nanoelectronic applications proposed for near to medium-term commercial deployment, sensors based on carbon nanotubes (CNT) and metal-oxide nanowires are receiving significant attention from researchers. Such devices typically operate on the basis of the changes of electrical response characteristics of the active component (CNT or nanowire) when subjected to an externally applied mechanical stress or the adsorption of a chemical or bio-molecule. Practical development of such technologies can greatly benefit from quantum chemical modeling based on density functional theory (DFT), and from electronic transport modeling based on non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF). DFT can compute useful quantities like possible bond-rearrangements, binding energy, charge transfer, and changes to the electronic structure, while NEGF can predict changes in electronic transport behavior and contact resistance. Effects of surrounding medium and intrinsic structural defects can also be taken into account. In this work we review some recent DFT and transport investigations on (1) CNT-based nano-electromechanical sensors (NEMS) and (2) gas-sensing properties of CNTs and metal-oxide nanowires. We also briefly discuss our current understanding of CNT–metal contacts which, depending upon the metal, the deposition technique, and the masking method can have a significant effect on device performance.

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Acknowledgment

The author would like to acknowledge collaborations with M. P. Anantram, A. Svizhenko, and A. Ricca (NASA, Ames), J. Andzelm, N. Govind, and P. Kung (Accelrys), J. Rodriguez (Brookhaven National Lab), and Prof. P.Yang (UC, Berkeley). Stimulating discussions with Prof. H. Dai and Dr. A. Javey (Stanford) are also greatly appreciated. The work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the UC LLNL under Contract W-7405-Eng-48.

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  1. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA

    Amitesh Maiti

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  1. Amitesh Maiti
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Correspondence to Amitesh Maiti .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Jet Propulsion Lab., California Institute of Technology, Oak Grove Drive 4800, Pasadena, 91109-8099, U.S.A.

    Margaret A. Ryan

  2. Jet Propulsion Lab., California Institute of Technology, Oak Grove Drive 4800, Pasadena, 91109-8099, U.S.A.

    Abhijit V. Shevade

  3. Pomona College, Seaver Chemistry Laboratory, N. College Avenue 645, Claremont, 91711, U.S.A.

    Charles J. Taylor

  4. Jet Propulsion Lab., California Institute of Technology, Oak Grove Drive 4800, Pasadena, 91109-8099, U.S.A.

    M. L. Homer

  5. Molecular Simulations Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91125, U.S.A.

    Mario Blanco

  6. KWJ Engineering, Inc., Central Avenue 8440, Newark, 94560, U.S.A.

    Joseph R. Stetter

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Maiti, A. (2009). Electromechanical and Chemical Sensing at the Nanoscale: DFT and Transport Modeling. In: Ryan, M., Shevade, A., Taylor, C., Homer, M., Blanco, M., Stetter, J. (eds) Computational Methods for Sensor Material Selection. Integrated Analytical Systems. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73715-7_2

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