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Introduction: Experimental Methods in Chemical Sensor and Sensor Array Evaluation and Development

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Computational Methods for Sensor Material Selection

Part of the book series: Integrated Analytical Systems ((ANASYS))

Abstract

Sensors are devices, sensor arrays are collections of sensors, and it is through experimentation and computation that we obtain the knowledge we need to make useful analytical measurements. Gas and liquid chemical sensor arrays provide a new multidimensional analytical technique not unlike Gas Chromatography, Liquid chromatography, or GC/MS [gas chromatography mass spectrometry]. Exciting possibilities for advanced analytical measurements are emerging with the development and use of chemical sensor arrays. The multidisciplinary nature of sensor development and the diversity of the types of sensors, analytes, and applications provide a rich venue for research and development as well as the complex issues that lead to lively debates. Progress in developing arrays for analytical purposes is coming from applying new knowledge about biosystems that use sensor arrays, advanced predictive chemical computational capabilities, and significant increases in experimental materials and methods. The protocols for the experimental understanding of sensor arrays provides the foundation for present strategies and future models that will enable realization of the contributions of sensor arrays to analytical measurement science and technology.

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Abbreviations

Analyte:

Substance or chemical constituent whose identity or quantity is determined by conducting the analytical procedure

ANN:

Artificial neural network

Ar:

Argon

atm:

Atmosphere (pressure)

A s :

Analytical sensitivity

BAW:

Bulk acoustic wave

C :

Capacitance

CGS:

Combustible gas sensor

Chembio:

Chemical–biological

CI:

Chemical interface

Cl2 :

Molecular chlorine

cm3 :

Cubic centimeter

CO:

Carbon monoxide

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

CPS-100:

Chemical Parameter Spectrometer – 100

E :

Electromotive Force or Voltage

GC:

Gas chromatography

H2 :

Hydrogen

HCN:

Hydrogen cyanide

H2S:

Hydrogen sulfide

I :

Current – charge per unit time

IMCS2:

International Meeting on Chemical Sensors 2

IR:

Infrared

K or k :

Sensitivity – signal per unit concentration

KNN or k-NN:

k-nearest neighbor

L:

Liter

LOD:

Limit of detection

M :

Mass

mL:

Milliliter

MOSES II:

Laboratory electronic nose by Lennertz

MS:

Mass spectrometry

mV:

Millivolt

nA:

Nanoampere

N2 :

Nitrogen

Ne:

Neon

NH3 :

Ammonia

NO2 :

Nitrogen dioxide

O2 :

Oxygen

OR:

Olfactory Receptor – a G-receptor protein used in olfaction

pA:

Picoampere

ppb:

Parts per billion – by volume

ppq:

Parts per quadrillion

ppt:

Parts per trillion

R :

Resistance – ohms

S :

Sensor signal

SAW:

Surface acoustic wave

SPME:

Solid-phase microextraction

SSTUF:

Shared sensor testing user facility

TAS:

Total analytical system

TCD:

Thermal conductivity sensor

TIC:

Toxic industrial chemical

TIM:

Toxic industrial material

VOC:

Volatile organic compound

Z :

Impedance

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Acknowledgments

I would like to thank all of my colleagues for their tremendously stimulating work and discussions that helped me remain dedicated, inspired, and diligent in my pursuit of the understanding of sensors and arrays and their analytical utility and application for the common good. Also, special appreciation to Susan Creamer, Lee Gerans, and editors at SRI for their help with the organization and presentation of this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ecosensors TTD, KWJ Engineering Inc., 8440 Central Ave, Newark, CA, Suite 2D 94560, USA

    Joseph R. Stetter

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  1. Joseph R. Stetter
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Correspondence to Joseph R. Stetter .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Jet Propulsion Lab., California Institute of Technology, Oak Grove Drive 4800, Pasadena, 91109-8099, U.S.A.

    Margaret A. Ryan

  2. Jet Propulsion Lab., California Institute of Technology, Oak Grove Drive 4800, Pasadena, 91109-8099, U.S.A.

    Abhijit V. Shevade

  3. Pomona College, Seaver Chemistry Laboratory, N. College Avenue 645, Claremont, 91711, U.S.A.

    Charles J. Taylor

  4. Jet Propulsion Lab., California Institute of Technology, Oak Grove Drive 4800, Pasadena, 91109-8099, U.S.A.

    M. L. Homer

  5. Molecular Simulations Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91125, U.S.A.

    Mario Blanco

  6. KWJ Engineering, Inc., Central Avenue 8440, Newark, 94560, U.S.A.

    Joseph R. Stetter

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Stetter, J.R. (2009). Introduction: Experimental Methods in Chemical Sensor and Sensor Array Evaluation and Development. In: Ryan, M., Shevade, A., Taylor, C., Homer, M., Blanco, M., Stetter, J. (eds) Computational Methods for Sensor Material Selection. Integrated Analytical Systems. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73715-7_1

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