Risk results from the direct and indirect adverse consequences of outcomes and events that were not accounted for or that we were ill prepared for, and concerns their effects on individuals, firms or the society at large. It can result from many reasons both internally induced and occurring externally with their effects felt internally in firms or by the society at large (their externalities). In the former case, consequences are the result of failures or misjudgments while in the latter, consequences are the results of uncontrollable events or events we cannot prevent.
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(2007). Risk and supply chains. In: Supply Chain Games: Operations Management And Risk Valuation. International Series In Operations Research & Management Science, vol 113. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72776-9_7
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