Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Avocado Genetics and Breeding

  • Chapter
Breeding Plantation Tree Crops: Tropical Species

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 299.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Akkaya, M.S., Bhagwat, A.A., and Cregan, P.B. (1992) Length polymorphism of simple sequence repeat DNA in soybean. Genetics 132, 1131—1139.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, D.McE. (1977) Propagation. In: R.N. Allen (Ed.), Proceedings of the Australian Avocado Research Workshop. New South Wales Department of Agriculture, Wollongbar, pp. 21–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, E. (1950) Variation in avocados at the Rodiles plantation. Ceiba 1, 50–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arpaia, M.L. (2004) Enhancement of avocado productivity. Plant improvement: selection and evaluation of improved varieties and rootstocks. In: Proceedings of the California Avocado Research Symposium. University of California, Riverside, pp. 9–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arpaia, M.L., Bender, G.S., and Witney, G.W. (1992) Avocado clonal rootstock production trial. In: C. Lovatt, P.A. Holthe and M.L. Arpaia (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second World Avocado Congress. University of California, Riverside, California. 1, 305–310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrientos-Priego, A.F., Barrientos-Perez, F., Sánchez-Colin, S., and Aguilar-Melchor, J.J. (1991) Utilizacion del huerto-vivero para reducir la fase juvenil de plantulas de aguacate (Persea americana Mill.). Proc. Interamerican Soc. Trop. Hort. 35, 18–22 (in Spanish).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bender, G.S. and Whiley, A.W. (2002) Propagation. In: A.W. Whiley, B. Schafer, and B.N. Wolstenholm (Eds.), The Avocado, Botany, Production and Uses. CABI Publishing, Wallingford UK and New York USA, pp. 189–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Ya’acov, A. (1972) Avocado rootstock-scion relationship: a long-term, large-scale field research project. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 55, 158–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Ya’acov, A. (1973) Avocado rootstock-scion relationship: a long-term, large-scale field research project. II. Data collected from fruit bearing orchards. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 56, 130–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Ya’acov, A. (1976) Avocado rootstock-scion relationships: a long-term, large-scale field research project. V. Final report on some orchards planted during the years 1960–1964. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 59, 122–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Ya’acov, A. (1987) Avocado rootstock-scion relationships. South African Avocado Growers’ Assoc. Yrbk. 10, 30–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Ya’acov, A. (1998) The taxonomy of the avocado: a proposed new classification of the Persea, sub-genus Persea. In: Proceedings of the Third World Avocado Congress. Tel Aviv, Israel (Abstract).p. 75

    Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Ya’acov, A. and Frenkel, M. (1974) Sensitivity of avocado rootstocks to Verticillium wilt. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 57, 111–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Ya’acov, A. and Michelson E. (1995) Avocado rootstocks. Hort. Rev. 17, 381–429.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Ya’acov, A., Michelson, E. and Sela, I. (1974) Avocado rootstock-scion relationships: a long-term, large-scale field research project. Sensitivity of avocado rootstocks to inadequate soil aeration. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 57, 108–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Ya’acov, A., Michelson, E. and Sela, I. (1979) Field research for selection of avocado rootstocks and scion in commercial plantations: report of the first decade of research, 1968–1978. The Division of Subtropical Horticulture, Agricultural Research Organization, Israel (in Hebrew).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergh, B.O. (1957) Avocado breeding in California. Proc. Florida State Hort. Soc. 70, 284–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergh, B.O. (1961) Breeding avocados at C.R.C. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 45, 67–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergh, B.O. (1967) Reasons for low yields of avocados. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 51, 161–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergh, B.O. (1969) Avocado (Persea americana Miller). In: F.P. Ferwerda and F. Wit (Eds.), Outlines of Perennial Crop Breeding in the Tropics. Landbouwhogeschool, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 23–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergh, B.O. (1986) Persea americana. In: A.H. Halevy (Ed.), Handbook of Flowering. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.V, 253–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergh, B.O. and Ellstrand N.C. (1986) Taxonomy of the avocado. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 70, 135–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergh, B.O. and Lahav E. (1996) Avocados. In: J. Janick and J.N. Moore (Eds.), Fruit Breeding, Vol I: Tree and Tropical Fruits. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., West Lafayette. pp. 113–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergh, B.O. and Martin, G. (1988) The Gwen avocado. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 72, 195–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergh, B.O. and Whitsell, R.H. (1974) Self-pollinated Hass seedlings. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 57, 118–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bijzet, Z. and Cilliers, B. (1995) Breeding strategy and the selection of seed parents in the ITSC avocado breeding programme. South African Avocado Growers’ Assoc. Yrbk. 18, 1–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biran, D. (1979) Fruitlet abscission and spring growth retardation - their influence on avocado productivity. MSc thesis, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel (in Hebrew with English summary).

    Google Scholar 

  • Blumenfeld, A. and Elimeleh, M. (1986) New avocado cultivar: ‘Ardith’. Alon Hanotea 40, 741–743 (in Hebrew with English summary).

    Google Scholar 

  • Botstein, D., White, R.L., Skolnick, M. and Davis, R.W. (1980) Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Amer. J. Human Genet. 32, 314–331.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bringhurst, R.S. (1956) Breeding tetraploid avocados. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 67, 251–257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carter, C.O. (1969) Genetics of common disorders. British Med. Bull. 25, 52–57.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, W.H. (1958) The avocado. In: Evergreen Orchards, 2nd edn. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp. 205–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clegg, M.T. (2005) Assessing the genetic determination of valuable avocado traits using microsatallite (SSR) markers and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. In:Proceedings of the California Avocado Research Symposium. University of California, Riverside, pp. 38–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coffey, M.D. (1987) Phytophthora rootrot of avocado: an integrated approach to control in California. Plant Disease 71, 1046–1052.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowley, D. and Arpaia, M.L. (2002) Rootstock selections for improved salinity tolerance of avocado. In: Proceedings of the California Avocado Research Symposium. University of California, Riverside, pp. 83–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cruz-Hernandez, A., Witjaksono, Litz, R.E., and Gomez Lim, M. (1998) Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of embryogenic avocado cultures and regeneration of somatic embryos. Plant Cell Rep. 17, 497–503.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davenport, T.L. (1986) Avocado flowering. Hort. Rev. 8, 257–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, J., Henderson, D., Kobayashi, M., Clegg, M.T. and Clegg, M.T. (1998) Genealogical relationships among cultivated avocados as revealed through RFLP analyses. J. Hered. 89, 319–323.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Degani, C. and Gazit, S. (1984) Selfed and crossed proportions of avocado progenies produced by caged pairs of complementary cultivars. HortScience 19, 258–260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Degani, C., Goldring, A., Adato, I., El Batsri, R., and Gazit, S. (1990) Pollen parent effect on outcrossing rate, yield, and fruit characteristics of ‘Fuerte’ avocado. HortScience 25, 471–473.

    Google Scholar 

  • Degani, C., Goldring A., and Gazit, S. (1989) Pollen parent effect on outcrossing rate in ‘Hass’ and ‘Fuerte’ avocado plots during fruit development. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 114, 106–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Degani, C., Goldring A., Gazit, S., and Lavi, U. (1986) Genetic selection during the abscission of avocado fruitlets. HortScience 21, 1187–1188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Degani, C., Lahav, E., El-Batsri, R., and Gazit, S.(2003) Caging single avocado trees with a beehive does not guarantee exclusive formation of selfed progeny. HortScience 38, 1433–1434.

    Google Scholar 

  • De la Cruz, E.T., Ibanez-P, J., Mijares-Oviedo, P., and Garcia, J.M. (1999) Evaluacion de productividad y calidad de fruta en aguacate ’Hass’ de arboles derivados de axposicion a radiacion gamma. Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura 5, 373–374.

    Google Scholar 

  • Du Plooy, C.P., Marais, Z., and Sippel, A. (1992) Breeding and evaluation strategy on avocado. South African Avocado Growers’ Assoc. Yrbk 15, 75–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Efendi, D. and Litz, R. (2003) Cryopreservation of avocado. In: Proceedings of the Fifth World Avocado Congress. Malaga, Spain, pp. 111–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenstein, D. and Gazit, S. (1989) Initial set and fruitlet development in avocado resulting from hand pollination with self and outcross pollen. Alon Hanotea 43, 339–348 (in Hebrew).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellstrand, N.C., Lee, J.M., Bergh, B.O., Coffey, M.D., and Zentmyer, G.A. (1986) Isozymes confirm hybrid parentage for ‘G755’ selections. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 70, 199–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R.A. (1930) The evolution of dominance in certain polymorphic species. Amer. Nature 64, 385–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Furnier, G.R., Cummings, M.P., and Clegg, M.T. (1990) Evolution of the avocados as revealed by DNA restriction site variation. J. Hered. 81, 183–188.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gafni, E. (1984) Effect of extreme temperature regimes and different pollinizers on the fertilization and fruit-set processes in avocado. MSc thesis, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel (in Hebrew).

    Google Scholar 

  • Garcia, A.V. (1975) Cytogenetic studies in the genus Persea (Lauraceae). I. Karyology of seven species. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 17, 173–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gazit, S. (1977) Pollination and fruit set in avocado. In: J.W. Sauls, R.L. Phillips and L.K. Jackson (Eds.), Proceedings of the First International Tropical Fruit Short Course: The Avocado. University of Florida, Gainesville, pp. 88–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gazit, S. and Degani, C. (2002) Reproductive biology. In: A.W. Whiley, B. Schafer and B.N. Wolstenholm (Eds.), The Avocado, Botany, Production and Uses. CABI Publishing, Wallingford UK and New York USA, pp. 101–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldring, A., Zamir, D., and Degani, C. (1985) Duplicated phosphoglucose isomerase genes in avocado. Theor. Appl. Genet. 71, 491–494.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halma, F.F. and Frolich, E. (1949) Storing avocado seeds and hastening germination. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 136–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halma, F.F. and Smoyer, K.M. (1951) Cold-hardiness of young avocado trees on Mexican and Guatemalan rootstocks. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 75–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansche, P.E., (1983) Response to selection. In: J. Janick and J.N. Moore (Eds.), Methods in Fruit Breeding. Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, pp. 154–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodgson, R.W. (1945) Suggestive evidence of the existence of strains of ‘Fuerte’ avocado variety. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 24–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (1995) Descriptors for Avocado (Persea spp.). International Plant Genetic Resources Institute. Rome, Italy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, H. (1940) Heredity of precocious flowering in Betula verrucosa and B. pubescens. Hereditas 35, 112–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kadman, A. (1968) Selection of avocado rootstocks suitable for use with saline irrigation water. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 52, 145–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kadman, A. and Ben-Ya’acov, A. (1976) Selection of avocado rootstocks for saline conditions. Acta Hort. 57, 189–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kadman, A. and Ben-Ya’acov, A. (1980) ‘Maoz’ avocado rootstock selection. HortScience 15, 207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kadman, A., Ben-Ya’acov, A., Raz, Z. and Peleg, J. (1976) A method for measuring the ‘covering area’ of avocado trees. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 59, 105–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kellogg, G. (1971) The Fuerte avocado in Yerba Linda. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 54, 47–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight, R.J. (1971) Breeding for cold hardiness in subtropical fruits. HortScience 6, 157–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kremer-Kohne S. and Mukhumo M.L. (2003) Breeding and field evaluation of new rootstocks for increased Hass yields and resistance to root rot in South Africa. In: Proceedings of the Fifth World Avocado Congress. Malaga, Spain, pp. 555–560.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lahav, E. (1970) Localization of fruit on the tree, branch girdling and fruit thinning. In: The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Division Subtropical Horticulture Report 1960–1969, Israel, pp. 60–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lahav, E. and Gazit S. (1994) World listing of avocado cultivars according to flowering type. Fruits 49, 299–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lahav, E., Israeli, T., Regev, I., Ardity, H., Lavi, U., Chemo, M., Chapnik, A., Akerman, M., Feygenberg, O., Pesis, E. and Sa’ada, D. (2005) ’Arad’- a new avocado cultivar. HortScience 40, 488.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lahav, E. and Kalmar, D. (1977) Water requirement of avocado in Israel. 2. Influence on yield, fruit growth and oil content. Australian J. Agr. Res. 28, 869–877.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lahav, E., Gefen, B., and Zamet, D. (1971) The effect of girdling on the productivity of the avocado. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 96, 396–398.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lahav, E., Gefen, B., and Zamet, D. (1972) The effect of girdling on fruit quality, phenology, and mineral analysis of the avocado tree. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 55, 162–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lahav, E. and Lavi, U. (2002) Genetics and classical breeding. In: A.W. Whiley, B. Schafer, and B.N. Wolstenholm (Eds.), The Avocado, Botany, Production and Uses. CABI Publishing, Wallingford UK and New York USA, pp. 39–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lahav, E., Lavi, U., Degani, C., Sa’ada, D., Chapnik, A., Chamo, M., Zamet, D. and Gazit, S. (1998) ‘Galil’ – a new avocado cultivar. Alon Hanotea 52, 287 (in Hebrew).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lahav, E., Lavi, U., Zamet, D., Degani, C., and Gazit, S. (1989) Iriet: a new avocado cultivar. HortScience 24, 865–866.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lahav, E., Tomer, E., Gazit, S., and Lavi, U. (1995) Performance of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) and mango (Mangifera indica L.) seedlings compared with their grafted trees. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 120, 265–269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lahav, E. and Zamet, D. (1999) Flowers, fruitlets and fruit drop in avocado trees. Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura Núm. Especial V, 95–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lahav, E., Zamet, D., Gazit, S. and Lavi, U. (1986) Girdling as a means of shortening the juvenile period of avocado seedlings. HortScience 21, 1038–1039.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lammerts, W.E. (1942) Progress report on avocado breeding. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 36–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lammerts, W.E. (1945) The avocado breeding project. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 74–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lavi, U., Akkaya, M., Bhagwat, A., Lahav, E., and Cregan, P.B. (1994a) Methodology of generation and characteristics of simple sequence repeat DNA markers in avocado (Persea americana M.). Euphytica 80, 171–177.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lavi, U., Cregan, P.B., and Hillel, J. (1994b) Application of DNA markers for identification and breeding of fruit trees. Plant Breed. Rev. 12, 195–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lavi, U., Hillel, J., Vainstein, A., Lahav, E., and Sharon, D. (1991a) Application of DNA fingerprints for identification and genetic analysis of avocado. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 116, 1078–1081.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lavi, U., Lahav, E., Degani, C., and Gazit, S. (1992) The genetics of the juvenile phase in avocado and its application for breeding. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 117, 981–984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lavi, U., Lahav, E., Degani, C. and Gazit, S. (1993a) Genetics of skin colour, flowering group, and anise scent in avocado. J. Hered. 84, 82–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lavi, U., Lahav, E., Degani, C., Gazit, S., and Hillel, J. (1993b) Genetic variance components and heritabilities of several avocado traits. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 118, 400–404.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lavi, U., Lahav, E., Genizi, A., Gazit, S., and Hillel, J. (1991b) Quantitative genetic analysis of traits in avocado cultivars. Plant Breed. 106, 149–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lavi, U., Sharon, D., Kaufman, D., Saada, A., Chapnik, A., Zamet, D., Degani C., Lahav, E., and Gazit, S. (1997) ‘Eden’ – a new avocado cultivar. HortScience 32, 151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litz, R.E. (2005) Production of a new generation of avocado rootstocks by somatic hybridization and genetic engineering. In: Proceedings of the California Avocado Research Symposium. University of California, Riverside, pp. 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, A. (1981) Factors affecting inflorescence and vegetative development regulation in avocado (Persea americana Mill.). MSc thesis, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel (in Hebrew).

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, G. (1993) Report from the variety/nursery section. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 77, 39–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, G. and Bergh, B.O. (1988) Determining the optimum time to pick Gwen. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 72, 209–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, G. and Bergh, B.O. (1989) Gwen as a commercial variety. Calif. Grower 13(8), 6, 8, 13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mhameed, S., Sharon, D., Hillel, J., Lahav, E., Kaufman, D., and Lavi, U. (1996) Level of heterozygosity and mode of inheritance of variable number of repeats loci in avocado. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci, 121, 778–782.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mhameed, S., Sharon, D., Kaufman, D., Lahav, E., Hillel, J., Degani, C. and Lavi, U. (1997) Genetic relationships within avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cultivars and between Persea species. Theor. Appl. Genet. 94, 279–286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nei, M. and Roychoudhury, A.K. (1974) Sampling variances of heterozygosity and genetic distance. Genetics 76, 379–390.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Newett S.D.E., Crane, J.H., and Balerdi, C.F. (2002) Cultivars and rootstocks. In: A.W. Whiley, B. Schafer and B.N. Wolstenholm (Eds.), The Avocado, Botany, Production and Uses. CABI Publishing, Wallingford UK and New York USA, pp. 161–187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papademetriou, M.K. (1974) A study of the variability of avocado pollen under natural conditions. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 58, 74–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pegg, K.G., Coates, L.M., Korsten, L., and Harding, R.M. (2002) Foliar, fruit and soilborne diseases. In: A.W. Whiley, B. Schafer and B.N. Wolstenholm (Eds.), The Avocado, Botany, Production and Uses. CABI Publishing, Wallingford UK and New York USA, pp. 299–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, P.A. (1955) Avocado flower pollination and fruit set. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 39, 163–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piccone, M.F. and Whiley, A.W. (1986) Don’t rush into planting Pinkerton. Queensland Fruit and Vegetable News 57, 26–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pliego-Alfaro, F. and Bergh, B.O. (1992) Avocado. In: F.A. Hammerschlag and R.E. Litz (Eds.), Biotechnology of Perennial Crops. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, Oxon, UK, pp. 323–334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pliego-Alfaro, F., Witjaksono, Barcelo-Munoz, A., Litz R.E., and Lavi, U. (2002) Biotechnology. In: A.W. Whiley, B. Schafer, and B.N. Wolstenholm (Eds.), The Avocado, Botany, Production and Uses. CABI Publishing, Wallingford UK and New York USA, pp. 213–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Popenoe, W. (1919) The avocado in Guatemala. USDA Bulletin 743.

    Google Scholar 

  • Popenoe, W. (1941) The avocado: a horticultural problem. Trop. Agr. 18, 3–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Popenoe, W. (1951) ‘Toltec’, another new horticultural variety of avocado. Ceiba 1, 225–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Popenoe, W. (1952) The avocado. Ceiba 1, 269–367.

    Google Scholar 

  • Popenoe, W. and Williams, L.O. (1947) The expedition to Mexico of October 1947. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 22–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahajo, S., Witjaksono, Efendi, D., Suarez, I., Gasca Vasquez M., Gomez Lim, A., and Litz, R. (2003) Genetic transformation of avocado. In: Proceedings of the Fifth World Avocado Congress. Malaga, Spain, pp. 115–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Regev, I., Ardity, H., Israeli, T., Lahav, E., Lavi, U., Chemo, M., Chapnik, A., Akerman, M., Feygenberg, O., Pesis, E., and Sa’ada, D. (2005) ’Lavi’- a new avocado cultivar. HortScience 40, 489.

    Google Scholar 

  • Regev I., Saada D., Lavi U., Feigenberg O., Pesis E., Israeli T. and Lahav E. (2008a) ‘Naor’ – a new avocado cultivar. Alon Hanotea 62(10) (in Hebrew, in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Regev I., Saada D., Lavi U., Feigenberg O., Pesis E., Israeli T. and Lahav E. (2008b) ‘Bar’ – a new avocado cultivar, potential pollinator to cv. ‘Hass’. Alon Hanotea 62(10) (in Hebrew, in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Regev I., Saada D., Lavi U., Feigenberg O., Pesis E., Israeli T. and Lahav E. (2008c) ‘Moti’ – a new avocado cultivar. Alon Hanotea 62(10) (in Hebrew, in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rongwen, J., Akkaya, M.S., Bhagwat, A.A., Lavi, U., and Cregan, P.B. (1995) The use of microsatellite DNA markers for soybean genotype identification. Theor. Appl. Genet. 90, 43–48.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruehle, G.D. (1963) The Florida Avocado Industry. Univ. Florida Agr. Exp.Sta., Bull. 602.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez-Colin, S. and Barrientos-Priego, A. (1987) Avocado production and breeding in Mexico. South Africa Avocado Growers’ Assoc. Yrbk. 10, 24–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez-Colin, S. and De la Cruz-Torres, E. (1992) The avocado breeding and selection program at CICTAMEX. In: C. Lovatt, P.A. Holthe, and M.L. Arpaia (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second World Avocado Congress. University of California, Riverside, California, 2, 501–502.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, C.A. (1958) The origin, spread, and improvement of the avocado, sapodilla and papaya. Indian J. Hort. 15, 116–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, C.A. (1960) Progress report on the avocado breeding project at UCLA, California. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 121–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scora, R.W., Wolstenholme B.N., and Lavi. U. (2002) Taxonomy and botany. In: A.W. Whiley, B. Schafer, and B.N. Wolstenholm (Eds.), The Avocado, Botany, Production and Uses. CABI Publishing, Wallingford UK and New York USA, pp. 15–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedgley, M. (1979) Light microscope study of pollen tube growth, fertilization, and early embryo and endosperm development in the avocado varieties Fuerte and Hass. Ann. Bot. 44, 353–359.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedgley, M. (1981) Storage of avocado pollen. Euphytica 30, 595–599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sedgley, M. and Alexander D.M.E. (1983) Avocado breeding research in Australia. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 67, 129–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharon, D., Cregan, P.B., Mhameed, S., Hillel, J., Lahav, E., and Lavi, U. (1997) An integrated genetic linkage map of avocado. Theor. Appl. Genet. 95, 911–921.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharon, D., Hillel, J., Mhameed, S., Cregan, T.B., Lahav, E., and Lavi U. (1998) Association between DNA markers and loci controlling avocado traits. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 123, 1016–1022.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, C.E. Jr (1966) Archaeological evidence for selection in avocado. Econ. Bot. 20, 169–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Storey, W.B., Bergh, B.O., and Zentmyer, G.A. (1986) The origin, indigenous range and dissemination of the avocado. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 70, 127–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanksley, S.D., Ganal, M.W. and Martin, G.B. (1995) Chromosome landing: a paradigm for map-based gene cloning in plants with large genomes. Trends Genet. 11, 63–68.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomer, E. and Gottreich, M. (1975) Observation on the fertilization process in avocado with fluorescent light. Euphytica 24, 531–535.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Torres, A.M. and Bergh B.O. (1978) Isozymes as indicators of outcrossing among ‘Pinkerton’ seedlings. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 62, 103–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torres, A.M., Diedenhofen, U., Bergh, B.O., and Knight, R.J. (1978) Enzyme polymorphisms as genetic markers in the avocado. Amer. J. Bot. 65, 134–139.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsao, P.H., Alizadeh, A., and E. Krausman, E. (1992) Susceptibility to Phytophthora citricola of certain avocado rootstock cultivars known to be tolerant to Phytophthora cinnamomi. In: C. Lovatt, P.A. Holthe, and M.L. Arpaia (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second World Avocado Congress. University of California, Riverside, California, 1, 89–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Visser, T., Verhaegh, J.J., and de Vries, D.P. (1976) A comparison of apple and pear seedlings with reference to the juvenile period. I. Seedling growth and yield. Acta Hort. 56, 205–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vithanage, V. (1990) The role of the European honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) in avocado pollination. J. Hort. Sci. 65, 81–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vrecenar-Gadus, M. and Ellstrand, N.C. (1985) The effect of planting design on out-crossing rate and yield in the ‘Hass’ avocado. Scientia Hort. 27, 215–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whiley, A.W., Köhne, J.S., Arpaia, M.L., and Bender, G.S. (1990) Future prospects with new avocado cultivars and elite rootstocks. South African Avocado Growers’ Assoc. Yrbk. 13, 16–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whiley, A.W. and Schaffer, B. (1994) Avocado. In: B. Schaffer and P.C. Andersen (Eds.), Handbook of Environmental Physiology of Fruit Crops, Volume 2, Subtropical and Tropical Crops. CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 165–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitsell, R.H., Martin, G.E., Bergh, B.O., Lypps, A.V., and Brokaw, W.H. (1989) Propagating avocados. University of California Publication 21461.

    Google Scholar 

  • Witjaksono (1997) Development of protocols for avocado tissue culture: somatic embryogenesis, protoplast culture, shoot culture and protoplast fusion. PhD thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Witjaksono and Litz, R.E. (1998) Biotechnology strategies for improving avocado. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk 82, 101–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Witjaksono and Litz R.E. (1999) Induction and growth characteristics of embryogenic avocado (Persea Americana Mill.) cultures. Plant Cell, Tissue and Org. Cult. 58, 19–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Witney, G. and Martin, G. (1998) Taking the California avocado breeding program into the next century. In: Proceedings of the Third World Avocado Congress. Tel Aviv, Israel, pp. 114–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolstenholme, B.N., Whiley, A.W., and Saranah, J.B. (1990) Manipulating vegetative: reproductive growth in avocado (Persea americana Mill.) with paclobutrazol foliar sprays. Scientia Hort. 41, 315–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zentmyer, G.A. (1972) Expansion of avocado root rot resistance program. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 55, 87–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zentmyer, G.A., Paulus, A.O., Gustafson, C.D., Wallace, J.M., and Burns, R.M. (1965) Avocado diseases. California Agr. Exp. Sta., Extension Service Circular 534.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Horticulture, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel

    E. Lahav

Authors
  1. E. Lahav
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. U. Lavi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland

    S. Mohan Jain

  2. Rubber Research Institute of India, Regional Station, Agartala, India

    P. M. Priyadarshan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lahav, E., Lavi, U. (2009). Avocado Genetics and Breeding. In: Jain, S.M., Priyadarshan, P.M. (eds) Breeding Plantation Tree Crops: Tropical Species. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71201-7_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation