Abstract
We present measurements of energetic hydrogen and oxygen atoms (ENAs) on the nightside of Mars detected by the neutral particle detector (NPD) of ASPERA-3 on Mars Express. We focus on the observations for which the field-of-view of NPD was directed at the nightside of Mars or at the region around the limb, thus monitoring the flow of ENAs towards the nightside of the planet. We derive energy spectra and total fluxes, and have compiled maps of hydrogen ENA outflow. The hydrogen ENA intensities reach 105 cm−2 sr−1 s−1, but no oxygen ENA signals above the detection threshold of 104 cm−2 sr−1 s−1 are observed. These intensities are considerably lower than most theoretical predictions. We explain the discrepancy as due to an overestimation of the charge-exchange processes in the models for which too high an exospheric density was assumed. Recent UV limb emission measurements (Galli et al., this issue) point to a hydrogen exobase density of 1010 m−3 and a very hot hydrogen component, whereas the models were based on a hydrogen exobase density of 1012 m−3 and a temperature of 200 K predicted by (1996). Finally, we estimate the global atmospheric loss rate of hydrogen and oxygen due to the production of ENAs.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anderson, D. E., and Hord, C. W.: 1971, JGR 76(28), 6666.
Barabash, S., Kallio, E., Lundin, R., and Koskinen, H.: 1995, JGR 100(A11), 21307.
Barabash, S., Holmström, M., Lukyanov, A., and Kallio, E.: 2002, JGR 107(A10), 1280.
Barabash, S., et al.: 2004, ASPERA-3: analyser of space plasmas and energetic ions for Mars Express, 121–139, in Mars Express: the scientific payload. ESA SP-1240, ed. by Andrew Wilson, Noordwijk, Netherlands.
Barabash, S., and Lundin, R.: 2006, Icarus 182, 301.
Barabash, S., Fedorov, A., Lundin, R., and Sauvaud, J.-A.: 2006, Science, submitted.
Brain, D.: 2006, IMF Draping Direction at Mars, http://sprg.ssl.berkeley.edu/brain/rsrch/drapingdirxn-.html.
Carlsson, E., et al.: 2006, Icarus 182, 320.
Chassefière, E., and Leblanc, F.: 2004, P&SS 52, 1039.
Dubinin, E., et al.: 2006a, Icarus 182, 337.
Dubinin, E., et al.: 2006b, Icarus 182, 343.
Dubinin, E., Fränz, M., Woch, J., Barabash, S., Lundin, R., and Yamauchi, M.: 2006c, Hydrogen exosphere at Mars, pickup protons and their acceleration at the bow shock, GRL, in press.
Futaana, Y., et al.: 2006a, Icarus 182, 424.
Futaana, Y., et al.: 2006b, Icarus 182, 413.
Galli, A., et al.: 2006, ApJ 644, 1317.
Galli, A., Wurz, P., Lammer, H., Lichtenegger, H. I. M., Lundin, R., Barabash, S., et al.: Space Sci. Rev., this issue, doi: 10.1007/s11214-006-9089-7.
Gunell, H., Holmström, M., Barabash, S., Kallio, E., Janhunen, P., Nagy, A.F., et al.: 2006, P&SS 54, 117.
Holmström, M., Barabash, S., and Kallio, E.: 2002, JGR 107(A10), 1277.
Kallio, E., Luhmann, J. G., and Barabash, S.: 1997, JGR 102(A10), 22183.
Kallio, E., et al.: 2006, Icarus 182, 448.
Kim, J., Nagy, A. F., Fox, J. L., and Cravens, T. E.: 1998, JGR 103(A12), 29339.
Krasnopolsky, V. A., and Gladstone, G. R.: 1996, JGR 101(A7), 15765.
Krasnopolsky, V. A.: 2002, JGR 107(E12), 5128.
Lammer, H., Selsis, F., Penz, T., Amerstorfer, U. V., Lichtenegger, H. I. M., Kolb, C., et al.: 2005, in Tokano, T. (ed.), Advances in Astrobiologyand Biogeophysics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, p. 25.
Lichtenegger, H. I. M., and Dubinin, E.: 1998, EP&S 50, 445.
Lichtenegger, H. I. M., Lammer, H., and Stumptner, W: 2002, JGR 107(A10), 1279.
Lichtenegger, H. I. M., Lammer, H., Kulikov, Yu. N., Kazeminejad, S., Molina-Cuberos, G. H., Rodrigo, R., et al.: Space Sci. Rev., this issue, doi: 10.1007/s11214-006-9082-1.
Lundin, R., Zakharov, A., Pellinen, R., Borg, H., Hultqvist, B., Pissarenko, N., et al.: 1989, Nature 341, 609–612.
Lundin, R., et al.: 2004, Science 305, 1933.
Macias, A., Riera, A., and Yañez, M.: 1983, Phys. Rev. A 27(1), 213.
Nier, A. O., and McElroy, M. B.: 1977, JGR 82(28), 4341.
Wurz, P.: 2000, in Scherer, K., et al. (ed.), Detection of Energetic Neutral Particles, in The Outer Heliosphere: Beyond the Planets, Katlenburg-Lindau: Copernicus-Gesellschaft e.V., 251.
Yamauchi, M., Futaana, Y., Fedorov, A., Dubinin, E., Lundin, R., Sauvaud, J.-A., et al.: Space Sci. Rev., this issue, doi: 10.1007/s11214-006-9090-1.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Galli, A. et al. (2007). Energetic Hydrogen and Oxygen Atoms Observed on the Nightside of Mars. In: Russell, C.T. (eds) The Mars Plasma Environment. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70943-7_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70943-7_10
Received:
Accepted:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-70941-3
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-70943-7
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)