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Congenital Heart Disease

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Surgery

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Abstract

The era of surgical correction of congenital heart defects began in 1938 when Robert E. Gross successfully ligated a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in a 7-year-old child at Boston Children’s Hospital.1 This historical milestone was followed by several different “closed-heart” operations for children with congenital heart defects, including the Blalock-Taussig shunt,2 coarctation repair,3 and pulmonary artery banding.4 In 1952, the first “open-heart” operation, closure of an atrial septal defect (ASD), was performed by F. John Lewis at the University of Minnesota using hypothermia and inflow occlusion.5 One year later, John Gibbon performed the first open-heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass, also closing an ASD.6 At the University of Minnesota, C. Walton Lillehei performed the first repair of ventricular septal defect (VSD), tetralogy of Fallot, and atrioventricular canal (AVC) using cross circulation: the parent was the “heart-lung” machine.7 At the same time, at the Mayo Clinic, Dr. John Kirklin was also pioneering open-heart surgery using a heart-lung machine.8 The significant historical milestones in congenital heart surgery are summarized in Table 76.1.

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  1. Division of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

    Carl L. Backer MD (A. C. Buehler Professor)

  2. Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

    Constantine Mavroudis MD (Willis J. Potts Professor and Surgeon-in-Chief)

  3. Division of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Children’s Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

    Constantine Mavroudis MD (Willis J. Potts Professor and Surgeon-in-Chief)

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  1. Carl L. Backer MD
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  2. Constantine Mavroudis MD
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA

    Jeffrey A. Norton MD, FACS (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief) (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief)

  2. Divisions of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA

    Jeffrey A. Norton MD, FACS (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief) (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief)

  3. Departments of Surgery and Public Health, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA

    Philip S. Barie MD, MBA, FCCM, FACS (Professor, Chief) (Professor, Chief)

  4. Division of Critical Care and Trauma, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA

    Philip S. Barie MD, MBA, FCCM, FACS (Professor, Chief) (Professor, Chief)

  5. Departments of Surgery and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

    R. Randal Bollinger MD, PhD, FACS (Professor) (Professor)

  6. Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Alfred E. Chang MD, FACS (Chief, Hugh Cabot Professor of Surgery) (Chief, Hugh Cabot Professor of Surgery)

  7. Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

    Stephen F. Lowry MD, MBA, FACS (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  8. Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

    Stephen F. Lowry MD, MBA, FACS (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  9. Department of Surgery, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Sean J. Mulvihill MD, FACS (Professor and Chair, Senior Director of Clinical Affairs) (Professor and Chair, Senior Director of Clinical Affairs)

  10. Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Sean J. Mulvihill MD, FACS (Professor and Chair, Senior Director of Clinical Affairs) (Professor and Chair, Senior Director of Clinical Affairs)

  11. Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Harvey I. Pass MD, FACS (Professor) (Professor)

  12. Radiology, and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Robert W. Thompson MD, FACS (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research) (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research)

  13. Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Robert W. Thompson MD, FACS (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research) (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research)

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© 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

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Backer, C.L., Mavroudis, C. (2008). Congenital Heart Disease. In: Norton, J.A., et al. Surgery. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68113-9_77

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68113-9_77

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-30800-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-68113-9

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