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Appendix

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Surgery

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Abstract

The vermiform appendix was recognized as an independent anatomical structure at the beginning of the 16th century.1–3 The appendix was sketched in the anatomical notebooks of Leonardo Da Vinci (Fig. 50.1; ca. 1500) and was called an “orecchio” or ear. However, it appears to have been formally described in 1524 by Da Capri4 and in 1543 by Vesalius.5 In 1554, Fernel6 described a case of a 7-year-old girl who was given a large quince as a remedy for diarrhea. The girl subsequently developed severe abdominal pain and ultimately died. At autopsy, the quince was found to have adhered to and obstructed the lumen of the appendix; the appendix had become necrotic and perforated. Until the 18th century, cases of appendicitis were described at autopsy.1–3 Amy and is credited with the first recorded appendectomy (1736), performed when a boy presented with a fistula in a hernia.7 Exploring the hernia, Amyand found the appendix in the scrotal sac. A calcified mass and fecal fistula had formed around the wall of the appendix where it had been perforated by a pin. Subsequently, in the mid-1800s, a number of cases of appendiceal abscess were recognized before death. Some were drained, with recovery of the patients.1–3

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Brighams and Women’s Hospital, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    David Soybel MD (Senior Staff Surgeon)

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA

    Jeffrey A. Norton MD, FACS (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief) (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief)

  2. Divisions of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA

    Jeffrey A. Norton MD, FACS (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief) (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief)

  3. Departments of Surgery and Public Health, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA

    Philip S. Barie MD, MBA, FCCM, FACS (Professor, Chief) (Professor, Chief)

  4. Division of Critical Care and Trauma, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA

    Philip S. Barie MD, MBA, FCCM, FACS (Professor, Chief) (Professor, Chief)

  5. Departments of Surgery and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

    R. Randal Bollinger MD, PhD, FACS (Professor) (Professor)

  6. Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Alfred E. Chang MD, FACS (Chief, Hugh Cabot Professor of Surgery) (Chief, Hugh Cabot Professor of Surgery)

  7. Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

    Stephen F. Lowry MD, MBA, FACS (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  8. Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

    Stephen F. Lowry MD, MBA, FACS (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  9. Department of Surgery, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Sean J. Mulvihill MD, FACS (Professor and Chair, Senior Director of Clinical Affairs) (Professor and Chair, Senior Director of Clinical Affairs)

  10. Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Sean J. Mulvihill MD, FACS (Professor and Chair, Senior Director of Clinical Affairs) (Professor and Chair, Senior Director of Clinical Affairs)

  11. Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Harvey I. Pass MD, FACS (Professor) (Professor)

  12. Radiology, and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Robert W. Thompson MD, FACS (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research) (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research)

  13. Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Robert W. Thompson MD, FACS (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research) (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research)

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Soybel, D. (2008). Appendix. In: Norton, J.A., et al. Surgery. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68113-9_51

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