Abstract
We present observational evidence of the dynamic linkages between ENSO and Northern Hemisphere (NH) ice conditions over the past 135 years. Using Wavelet Transform (WT) we separate statistically significant components from time series and demonstrate significant co-variance and consistent phase differences between NH ice conditions and the Arctic Oscillation and Southern Oscillation indices (AO and SOI) at 2.2, 3.5, 5.7 and 13.9 year periods. To study the phase dynamics of weakly interacting oscillating systems we apply average mutual information and mean phase coherence methods. Phase relationships for the different frequency signals suggest that there are several mechanisms for distribution of the 2.2-5.7 year and the 13.9 year signals. The 2.2- 5.7 year signals, generated about three months earlier in the tropical Pacific Ocean, are transmitted via the stratosphere, and the Arctic Oscillation (AO) mediating propagation of the signals. In contrast the 13.9 year signal propagates from the western Pacific as eastward propagating equatorial coupled ocean waves, and then fast boundary waves along the western margins of the Americas to reach both polar regions, and has a phase difference of about 1.8-2.1 years by the time it reaches the Arctic.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Baldwin, M.P. and Dunkerton, T.J. (2001) Stratospheric Harbingers of Anomalous Weather Regimes, Science,294, 581-584.
Castanheira, J.M. and Craf, H.-F. (2003) North Pacific-North Atlantic relationships under stratospheric control?, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4036, 10.1029/2002JD002754.
Dickey, J.O., S.L. Marcus and Viron, O. (2003) Coherent interannual and decadal variations in the atmosphere-ocean system, Geophys. Res. Let,30, 2002GL016763.
Foufoula-Georgiou, E. and Kumar, K. (1995) Wavelets in Geophysics, Academic Press, 373.
Gloersen, R. 1995. Modulation of hemispheric sea-ice cover by ENSO events, Nature, 373, 503-505.
Grinsted, A., J. C. Moore and Jevrejeva, S. (2004) Application of the cross wavelet transform and wavelet coherence to geophysical time series,Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics,11, 561-566.
Huang, J., K. Higuchi and Shabbar, A. (1998) The relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation and the ENSO, Geophys. Res. Let., 25, 2707-2710.
Jevrejeva, S. and Moore, J.C. (2001) Singular Spectrum Analysis of Baltic Sea ice conditions and large-scale atmospheric patterns since 1708, Geophys. Res. Let., 28, 4503-07.
Jevrejeva, S., J. C. Moore and Grinsted, A. (2003) Influence of the arctic oscillation and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on ice conditions in the Baltic Sea: The wavelet approach, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 2003JD003417.
Jevrejeva, S., J.C. Moore and Grinsted, A. (2004) Oceanic and atmospheric transport of multi-year ENSO signatures to the polar regions. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L24210, doi:10.1029/2004GL020871.
Kaplan, A., M. A. Cane, Y. Kushnir, A.C. Clement, M.B. Blumenthal and Rajagopalan, B. (1998) Analyses of global sea surface temperature 1856-1991, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 18567-18589.
Merkel, U. and Latif, M. (2002) A high resolution AGCM study of the El Niño impact on the North Atlantic/European sector,Geophys. Res. Let., 29, 2001GLO13726.
Meyers, S.D., A. Melsom, G.T. Mitchum and O’Brien, J.J. (1998) Detection of the fast Kelvin waves teleconnection due to El Niño Southern Oscillation, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 27655-27663.
Mokhov, I. I. and Smirnov, D. A. (2006) El Niño–Southern Oscillation drives North Atlantic Oscillation as revealed with nonlinear techniques from climatic indices Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L03708 10.1029/2005GL024557
Papoulis, A. (1984) Probability, Random Variables, and Stochastic Processes, second edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, (See Chapter 15.)
Pozo-VÃ zquez, D., M.J. Esteban-Parra, F.S. Rodrigo and Castro-Diez, Y. (2001) The association between ENSO and winter atmospheric circulation and temperature in the North Atlantic Region, J. Clim., 14, 3408-3420.
Ribera, P., and Mann, M. (2002) Interannual variability in the NCEP reanalysis 1948-1999, Geophys. Res. Let., 29, 2001GL013905.
Ropelewski, C.F., and Jones, P.D. (1987) An extension of the Tahiti-Darwin Southern Oscillation Index, Monthly Weather Review, 115, 2161-2165.
Seinä, A. and Palosuo, E. (1996) The classification of the maximum annual extent of ice cover in the Baltic Sea 1720-1995, Report series of the Finnish Institute of Marine Research No 27, 79-91.
Smith, T.M. and Reynolds, R.W. (2003). Extended Reconstruction of Global Sea Surface Temperatures Based on COADS Data (1854-1997), J. Clim., 16, 1495-1510.
Thompson, D.W.J. and Wallace, J.M. (1998) The Arctic Oscillation signature in the winter geopotential height and temperature fields, Geophys. Res. Let., 25, 1297-1300.
Torrence, C. and Compo, G. P. (1998) A practical guide to wavelet analysis, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79, 61–78.
Torrence, C. and Webster, P. (1999) Interdecadal Changes in the ENSO-Monsoon System, J.Clim., 12, 2679-2690.
Venegas, S.A. and Mysak, L.A. (2000) Is there a dominant timescale of natural climate variability in the Arctic?, J. Clim.,13, 3412-3434.
Venje, T. (2001) Anomalies and trends of sea ice extent and atmospheric circulation in the Nordic Seas during the period 1864-1998, J. Clim., 14, 255-267.
White, W.B., Y.M. Tourre, M. Barlow, and Dettinger, M. (2003) A delayed action oscillator shared by biennial, interannual, and decadal signals in the Pacific Basin, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 2002JC001490.
White, W.B. and Tourre, Y. M. (2003) Global SST/SLP waves during the 20th century, Geophys. Res. Let, 30, 2003JL017055.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this paper
Cite this paper
Jevrejeva, S., Moore, J., Grinsted, A. (2007). ENSO Signal Propagation Detected by Wavelet Coherence and Mean Phase Coherence Methods. In: Nonlinear Dynamics in Geosciences. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34918-3_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34918-3_10
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-34917-6
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-34918-3
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)