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Glutamate Co-Release by Monoamine Neurons

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Co-Existence and Co-Release of Classical Neurotransmitters

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Abstract

A wide range of indirect data obtained during the last two decades has suggested that monoamine neurons may co-release neurotransmitters. Ultrastructural investigations have consistently reported that these neurons, including dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine neurons establish both junctional (i.e. synaptic) and non-junctional (i.e. non-synaptic) axon terminals. The hypothesis that some of these terminals can mediate synaptic glutamate release has received strong support from cell culture studies as well as indirect support from electrophysiological recordings obtained in slice preparations and in intact animals. The molecular identification of vesicular glutamate transporters (VGluTs) in recent years has provided a new impetus and a new strategy to confirm the glutamatergic phenotype of neurons. A number of recent results now confirm that while many serotonin neurons express VGluT3, a subset of norepinephrine and dopamine neurons express VGluT2, thus supporting the hypothesis of glutamate co-transmission. The possibility that the neurotransmitter repertoire of central monoamine neurons may be plastic during development and in the context of activity-dependent neuronal plasticity or disease is now a major direction of current research.

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Acknowledgments

L-E Trudeau is a senior scholar of the Fonds de la Recherche en Santé du Québec and receives support from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Support from the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression is also acknowledged for some of the work discussed in the chapter. José Alfredo Mendez is supported by the Jasper postdoctoral fellowship of the Groupe de Recherche sur le système nerveux central.

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  1. Department of pharmacology, CNS Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montríal, Quévec, Canada

    Louis Eric Trudeau

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  1. Louis Eric Trudeau
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  2. Grégory Dal Bo
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  1. Centro de Investigación y de, Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico, 07000, Mexico

    Rafael Gutierrez

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Trudeau, L.E., Bo, G.D., Mendez, J.A. (2009). Glutamate Co-Release by Monoamine Neurons. In: Gutierrez, R. (eds) Co-Existence and Co-Release of Classical Neurotransmitters. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09622-3_8

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