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Rotavirus Cell Entry

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Cell Entry by Non-Enveloped Viruses

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 343))

Abstract

Infecting nearly every child by age five, rotaviruses are the major causative agents of severe gastroenteritis in young children. While much is known about the structure of these nonenveloped viruses and their components, the exact mechanism of viral cell entry is still poorly understood. A consensus opinion that appears to be emerging from recent studies is that rotavirus cell entry involves a series of complex and coordinated events following proteolytic priming of the virus. Rotaviruses attach to the cell through sialic acid containing receptors, with integrins and Hsc70 acting as postattachment receptors, all localized on lipid rafts. Unlike other endocytotic mechanisms, this internalization pathway appears to be independent of clathrin or caveola. Equally complex and coordinated is the fascinating structural gymnastics of the VP4 spikes that are implicated in facilitating optimal interface between viral and host components. While these studies only begin to capture the basic cellular, molecular, and structural mechanisms of cell entry, the unusual features they have uncovered and many intriguing questions they have raised undoubtedly will prompt further investigations.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the support from NIH grants AI36040 and RR002250, National Science Foundation IIS-0705474, and Robert Welch foundation (Q 1279). We thank Mary Estes and Sue Crawford for useful discussions and critical reading of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Center for Macromolecular Imaging, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Matthew Baker

  2. Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Matthew Baker & B. V. Venkataram Prasad

  3. Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    B. V. Venkataram Prasad

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  1. Matthew Baker
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Correspondence to B. V. Venkataram Prasad .

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  1. Dept. Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, N. Torrey Pines Rd. 10550, La Jolla, 92037, California, USA

    John E. Johnson

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Baker, M., Prasad, B.V.V. (2010). Rotavirus Cell Entry. In: Johnson, J. (eds) Cell Entry by Non-Enveloped Viruses. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 343. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2010_34

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