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Locomotor Profiling from Rodents to the Clinic and Back Again

  • Chapter
Translational Neuropsychopharmacology

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ((CTBN,volume 28))

Abstract

The quantification of unconditioned motoric activity is one of the oldest and most commonly utilized tools in behavioral studies. Although typically measured in reference to psychiatric disorders, e.g., amphetamine-induced hyperactivity used as a model of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD), and Tourette’s syndrome, the motoric behavior of psychiatric patients had not been quantified similarly to rodents until recently. The rodent behavioral pattern monitor (BPM) was reverse-translated for use in humans, providing the quantification of not only motoric activity but also the locomotor exploratory profile of various psychiatric populations. This measurement includes the quantification of specific exploration and locomotor patterns. As an example, patients with BD, schizophrenia, and those with history of methamphetamine dependence exhibited unique locomotor profiles. It was subsequently determined that reducing dopamine transporter function selectively recreated the locomotor profile of BD mania patients and not any other patient population. Hence, multivariate locomotor profiling offers a first-step approach toward understanding the neural mechanism(s) underlying abnormal behavior in patients with psychiatric disorders. Advances in wearable technology will undoubtedly enable similar multivariate assessments of exploratory and locomotor behavior in “real-world” contexts. Furthermore, trans-diagnostic studies of locomotor activity profiles will inform about essential brain-based functions that cut across diagnostic nosologies.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Drs. Perry, Henry, and van Enkhuizen for their support. This work was supported by NIH grants R01-MH071916, R01-MH104344, and the Veteran’s Administration VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, CA, 92093–0804, USA

    Jared W. Young, Arpi Minassian & Mark A. Geyer

  2. Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA

    Jared W. Young & Mark A. Geyer

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  1. Jared W. Young
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Correspondence to Jared W. Young .

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  1. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    Trevor W. Robbins

  2. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    Barbara J. Sahakian

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Young, J.W., Minassian, A., Geyer, M.A. (2015). Locomotor Profiling from Rodents to the Clinic and Back Again. In: Robbins, T.W., Sahakian, B.J. (eds) Translational Neuropsychopharmacology. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 28. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2015_5015

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