Abstract
The neurobiology of eating disorders (EDs) is largely unknown. However, brain imaging studies over the past decade have identified neurotransmitter alterations that could be part of dysfunctional behavior characteristics of EDs. In this chapter we focus on a specific behavioral construct, the brain reward system, and demonstrate a functional brain imaging approach toward identifying dopamine function in anorexia nervosa (AN). We demonstrate how human brain reward activation can be used in a translational approach to test whether computer models, based on basic science research, can predict expected in vivo reward system activation, and how such an approach can identify specific biologic alterations in a psychiatric population.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderluh MB, Tchanturia K et al (2003) Childhood obsessive–compulsive personality traits in adult women with eating disorders: defining a broader eating disorder phenotype. Am J Psychiatry 160(2):242–247
APA (2000) Diagnostic & statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR. American Psychiatric Association
Apicella P, Ljungberg T et al (1991) Responses to reward in, monkey dorsal and ventral striatum. Exp Brain Res 85(3):491–500
Bartoshuk LM, Beauchamp GK (1994) Chemical senses. Annu Rev Psychol 45:419–449
Bergh C, Sodersten P (1996) Anorexia nervosa, self-starvation and the reward of stress. Nat Med 2(1):21–22
Berns G, McClure S et al (2001) Predictability modulates human brain response to reward. J Neurosci 21(8):2793–2798
Berridge KC (1996) Food reward: brain substrates of wanting and liking. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 20(1):1–25
Berridge KC, Robinson TE (1998) What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience? Brain Res Brain Res Rev 28(3):309–369
Berridge KC, Robinson T (2003) Parsing reward. Trends Neurosci 26(9):507–513
Blum K, Sheridan PJ et al (1995) Dopamine D2 receptor gene variants: association and linkage studies in impulsive–addictive–compulsive behaviour. Pharmacogenetics 5(3):121–141
Breiter HC, Aharon I et al (2001) Functional imaging of neural responses to expectancy and experience of monetary gains and losses. Neuron 30(2):619–639
Cannon C, Bseikri M (2004) Is dopamine required for natural reward? Physiol Behav 81(5):741–748
Cannon CM, Palmiter RD (2003) Reward without dopamine. J Neurosci 23(34):10827–10831
Carr K, Tsimberg Y et al (2003) Evidence of increased dopamine receptor signaling in food-restricted rats. Neuroscience 119:1157–1167
Cooper J, Bloom F et al (2003) The biochemical basis of neuropharmacology. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Crystal S, Frye CA et al (1995) Taste preferences and sensory perceptions in female varsity swimmers. Appetite 24(1):25–36
D’Ardenne K, McClure SM et al (2008) BOLD responses reflecting dopaminergic signals in the human ventral tegmental area. Science 319(5867):1264–1267
Delgado MR, Nystrom LE et al (2000) Tracking the hemodynamic responses to reward and punishment in the striatum. J Neurophysiol 84:3072–3077
Delgado MR, Locke HM et al (2003) Dorsal striatum responses to reward and punishment: effects of valence and magnitude manipulations. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 3(1):27–38
Di Costanzo V, Rodde G et al (1998) Food preferences in anorectic girls at the beginning of therapy. Diabetes Metab 24(3):262–271
Drewnowski A, Halmi KA et al (1987) Taste and eating disorders. Am J Clin Nutr 46(3):442–450
Eiber R, Berlin I et al (2002) Hedonic response to sucrose solutions and the fear of weight gain in patients with eating disorders. Psychiatry Res 113:173–180
Francis S, Rolls ET et al (1999) The representation of pleasant touch in the brain and its relationship with taste and olfactory areas. Neuroreport 10(3):453–459
Frank G, Kaye W et al (2003) The evaluation of brain activity in response to taste stimuli – a pilot study and method for central taste activation as assessed by event related fMRI. J Neurosci Methods 131(1–2):99–105
Frank G, Bailer UF et al (2005) Increased dopamine D2/D3 receptor binding after recovery from anorexia nervosa measured by positron emission tomography and [11C]raclopride. Biol Psychiatry 58(11):908–912
Grigson PS (2002) Like drugs for chocolate: separate rewards modulated by common mechanisms? Physiol Behav 76:389–395
Hajnal A, Norgren R et al (2009) Parabrachial coding of sapid sucrose: relevance to reward and obesity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1170:347–364
Hazy TE, Frank MJ et al (2010) Neural mechanisms of acquired phasic dopamine responses in learning. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 34:701–720
Higgins GA, Fletcher PJ (2003) Serotonin and drug reward: focus on 5-HT2C receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 480(1–3):151–162
Hikosaka K, Watanabe M (2000) Delay activity of orbital and lateral prefrontal neurons of the monkey varying with different rewards. Cereb Cortex 10(3):263–271
Jappe LM, Frank GKW et al (2010) Heightened sensitivity to reward and punishment in anorexia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders (Article first published online: 28 JUN)
Kampov-Polevoy AB, Ziedonis D et al (2003) Association between sweet preference and paternal history of alcoholism in psychiatric and substance abuse patients. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 27(12):1929–1936
Kaye WH, Frank GK et al (1999) Altered dopamine activity after recovery from restricting-type anorexia nervosa. Neuropsychopharmacology 21(4):503–506
Kelley AE, Baldo BA et al (2005) Corticostriatal-hypothalamic circuitry and food motivation: integration of energy, action and reward. Physiol Behav 86(5):773–795
Knutson B, Gibbs SE (2007) Linking nucleus accumbens dopamine and blood oxygenation. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 191(3):813–822
Knutson B, Westdorp A et al (2000) FMRI visualisation of brain activity during a monetary incentive dealy task. Neuroimage 12:20–27
Koob GF, Le Moal M (2005) Plasticity of reward neurocircuitry and the ‘dark side’ of drug addiction. Nat Neurosci 8(11):1442–1444
Koslow SH (2005) Discovery and integrative neuroscience. Clin EEG Neurosci 36(2):55–63
Logothetis NK (2002) The neural basis of the blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging signal. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 357(1424):1003–1037
Mansvelder HD (2005) Yin and yang of VTA opioid signaling. Focus on “both kappa and mu opioid agonists inhibit glutamatergic input to ventral tegmental area neurons”. J Neurophysiol 93(6):3046–3047
Martin-Soelch C, Leenders KL et al (2001) Reward mechanisms in the brain and their role in dependence: evidence from neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 36(2–3):139–149
May JC, Delgado MR et al (2004) Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging of reward-related brain circuity in children and adolescents. Biol Psychiatry 55:359–366
Montague R, Hyman S et al (2004) Computational roles for dopamine in behavioural control. Nature 431:760–767
Norgren R, Hajnal A et al (2006) Gustatory reward and the nucleus accumbens. Physiol Behav 89(4):531–535
O’Doherty JP, Dayan P et al (2003) Temporal difference models and reward-related learning in the human brain. Neuron 38(2):329–337
O’Doherty J, Dayan P et al (2004) Dissocaible roles of ventral and dorsal striatum in instrumental conditioning. Science 304:452–454
O’Reilly RC, Frank MJ et al (2007) PVLV: the primary value and learned value Pavlovian learning algorithm. Behav Neurosci 121(1):31–49
Price JL (2005) Free will versus survival: brain systems that underlie intrinsic constraints on behavior. J Comp Neurol 493(1):132–139
Saper CB, Chou TC et al (2002) The need to feed: homeostatic and hedonic control of eating. Neuron 36(2):199–211
Schultz W (1998) Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons. J Neurophysiol 80(1):1–27
Schultz W (2002) Getting formal with dopamine and reward. Neuron 36(2):241–263
Schultz W (2006) Behavioral theories and the neurophysiology of reward. Annu Rev Psychol 57:87–115
Schultz W, Tremblay L et al (2000) Reward processing in primate orbitofrontal cortex and basal ganglia. Cerebral Cortex 10(3):272–284
Schweiger U, Fichter M (1997) Eating disorders: clinical presentation, classification and etiologic models. In: Jimerson DC, Kaye WH (eds) Balliere’s clinical psychiatry. Balliere’s Tindall, London, pp 199–216
Simon Y, Bellisle F et al (1993) Taste responsiveness in anorexia nervosa. Br J Psychiatry 162:244–246
Sullivan PF (1995) Mortality in anorexia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry 152(7):1073–1074
Sunday SR, Halmi KA (1990) Taste perceptions and hedonics in eating disorders. Physiol Behav 48(5):587–594
Sutton RS, Barto AG (1981) Toward a modern theory of adaptive networks: expectation and prediction. Psychol Rev 88(2):135–170
Tanaka SC, Doya K et al (2004) Prediction of immediate and future rewards differentially recruits cortico-basal ganglia loops. Nat Neurosci 7(8):887–893
Toth E, Kondakor I et al (2004) Nonlinear and linear EEG complexity changes caused by gustatory stimuli in anorexia nervosa. Int J Psychophysiol 51(3):253–260
Tricomi EM, Delgado MR et al (2004) Modulation of caudate activity by action contingency. Neuron 41:281–292
Volkow ND, Fowler JS et al (2004) Dopamine in drug abuse and addiction: results from imaging studies and treatment implications. Mol Psychiatry 9(6):557–569
Wagner A, May C et al (2005) Reward-related neural responses in anorexia and bulimia nervosa after recovery using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Biol Psychiatry 57(S7):709
Wagner A, Aizenstein H et al (2007) Altered reward processing in women recovered from anorexia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry 164(12):1842–1849
Wise RA (2002) Brain reward circuitry: insights from unsensed incentives. Neuron 36(2):229–240
Wise RA (2005) Forebrain substrates of reward and motivation. J Comp Neurol 493(1):115–121
Worgotter F, Porr B (2005) Temporal sequence learning, prediction, and control: a review of different models and their relation to biological mechanisms. Neural Comput 17(2):245–319
Yasoshima Y, Yamamoto T (2005) Effects of midazolam on the expression of conditioned taste aversion in rats. Brain Res 1043(1–2):115–123
Zhou QY, Palmiter RD (1995) Dopamine-deficient mice are severely hypoactive, adipsic, and aphagic. Cell 83(7):1197–1209
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Frank, G.K.W. (2010). Reward and Neurocomputational Processes. In: Adan, R., Kaye, W. (eds) Behavioral Neurobiology of Eating Disorders. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 6. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2010_81
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2010_81
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-15130-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-15131-6
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)