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Endocytic Uptake of Nutrients, Cell Wall Molecules and Fluidized Cell Wall Portions into Heterotrophic Plant Cells

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Plant Endocytosis

Part of the book series: Plant Cell Monographs ((CELLMONO,volume 1))

Abstract

After arrival at the surface of heterotrophic cells, nutrients are taken up by these cells via endocytosis to sustain metabolic processes. Recent advances in plant endocytosis reveal that this is true for their heterotrophic cells, either cultivated in suspension cultures or for intact root apices. Importantly, sucrose appears to act as a specific stimulus for fluid-phase endocytosis. Uptake of extracellular nutrients by endocytosis is not in direct conflict with transport through membrane-bound carriers given that cell homeostasis can be better maintained if both these mechanisms operate in parallel. Besides nutrients, plant cells also accomplish internalization of cell wall molecules, such as xyloglucans and boron/calcium cross-linked pectins. Even large portions of apparently fluidized cell wall together with symbiotic bacteria can be internalized into some plant cells, suggesting that they can perform phagocytosis-like tasks despite their robust cell walls. Internalized cell wall molecules allow effective adaptation to osmotic stress, and also may serve for nutritive purposes. Plant endosomes enriched with the internalized cell wall molecules are used for new cell wall formation during plant cytokinesis. Moreover, rapid remodeling of cell walls through endosomal recycling is likely involved in opening/closing movements of stomata, and perhaps also in the formation of wall papillae during pathogen attacks and in recovery of cells from plasmolysis.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Irene Lichtscheidl for providing us with high-pressure freezed Drosera samples and Ursulla Mettbach for excellent technical assistance. This work was supported by a grant from the Slovak Grant Agency APVT (grant no. APVT-51-002302) and Vega (Grant Nr. 2=5085=25), Bratislava, Slovakia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Department of Plant Cell Biology, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany

    František Baluška, Andrej Hlavacka & Jozef Šamaj

  2. Agrobioteknologia eta Natura Baliabideetako Instituta Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Mutiloako etorbidea zenbaki gabe, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain

    Edurne Baroja-Fernandez, Javier Pozueta-Romero & Ed Etxeberria

  3. University of Florida, IFAS, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, 33850, FL, USA

    Ed Etxeberria

  4. Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravská cesta 14, 84223, Bratislava, Slovakia

    František Baluška

  5. Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademicka 2, 95007, Nitra, Slovakia

    Jozef Šamaj

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Jozef Šamaj František Baluška Diedrik Menzel

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Baluška, F., Baroja-Fernandez, E., Pozueta-Romero, J., Hlavacka, A., Etxeberria, E., Šamaj, J. Endocytic Uptake of Nutrients, Cell Wall Molecules and Fluidized Cell Wall Portions into Heterotrophic Plant Cells. In: Šamaj, J., Baluška, F., Menzel, D. (eds) Plant Endocytosis. Plant Cell Monographs, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/7089_003

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