Skip to main content

Plastic in the Aquatic Environment: Interactions with Microorganisms

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Plastics in the Aquatic Environment - Part I

Abstract

Plastic debris is gradually filling the seas, oceans, and freshwater bodies of the planet. Since the 1950s, a huge amount of plastic has entered into various bodies of water. All these objects decompose at different rates, and aquatic organisms take part in these processes. This book chapter provides an overview of studies carried out in recent decades on the interaction between microorganisms and plastic debris in the aquatic environment. Both prokaryotic communities and algo-bacterial cenoses are considered. A separate section is devoted to the research results of the authors of this book chapter, obtained in the natural environment, contaminated with plastic, and in field experiments in the sea.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 299.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Andrady AL, Song Y (1991) Fouling of floating plastic debris. Under Biscayne bay exposure conditions. Mar Poll Bull 22:117–122

    Google Scholar 

  2. Stevens LM (1992) Marine plastic debris: fouling and degradation. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in environmental science and zoology. University of Auckland, Auckland, p 110

    Google Scholar 

  3. Barnes DKA, Galgani F, Thompson RC, Barlaz M (2009) Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 364:1985–1998

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Andrady AL (2015) Persistence of plastic litter in the oceans. In: Bergmann M, Gutow L, Klages M (eds) Marine anthropogenic litter, pp 57–72

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. Gracia CA, Rangel-Buitrago N, Flórez P (2018) Beach litter and woody-debris colonizers on the Atlantico department Caribbean coastline, Colombia. Mar Pollut Bull 128:185–196

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Harrison HP, Sapp M, Schratzberger M, Osborn AM (2011) Interactions between microorganisms and marine microplastics: a call for research. Mar Technol Soc J 45:12–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Zettler ER, Mincer TJ, Amaral-Zettler LA (2013) Life in the “Plastisphere”: microbial communities on plastic marine debris. Environ Sci Technol 47:7137–7146

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Auta HS, Emenike CU, Fauziah SH (2017) Distribution and importance of microplastics in the marine environment: a review of the sources, fate, effects, and potential solutions. Environ Int 102:165–176

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Andrady AL (2011) Microplastics in the marine environment. Mar Pollut Bull 62:1596–1605

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Thompson RC, Olsen Y, Mitchell RP, Davis A, Rowland SJ, John AW, McGonigle D, Russell AE (2004) Lost at sea: where is all the plastic? Science 304:838

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Jacquin J, Cheng J, Odobel C, Conan P, Pujo-pay M, Meistertzheim A, Jean-francois G (2018) Microbial ecotoxicology of marine plastic debris: a review on colonization and biodegradation by the ' plastisphere'. Front. Microbiol 10:865

    Google Scholar 

  12. Amaral-Zettler LA, Zettler ER, Mincer TJ (2020) Ecology of the plastisphere. Nat Rev Microbiol 18:139–151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Jambeck JR, Geyer R, Wilcox C, Siegler TR, Perryman M, Andrady A et al (2015) Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Science 347:768–771

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Charette M, Smith W (2010) The volume of Earth’s Ocean. Oceanogr. 23

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hidalgo-Ruz V, Gutow L, Thompson RC, Thiel M (2012) Microplastics in the marine environment: a review of the methods used for identification and quantification. Environ Sci Technol 46(6):3060–3075

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Eriksen M, Lebreton LCM, Carson HS, Thiel M, Moore CJ, Borerro JC et al (2014) Plastic pollution in the world’s oceans: more than 5 trillion plastic pieces weighting over 250,000 tons Afloat Sea. PLoS One 9:1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Duis K, Coors A (2016) Microplastics in the aquatic and terrestrial environment: sources (with a special focus on personal care products), fate and effects. Environ Sci Eur 28:2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Zalasiewicz J, Waters CN, Sul JAI, Corcoran PL, Barnosky AD, Cearreta A et al (2016) The geological cycle of plastics and their use as a stratigraphic indicator of the Anthropocene. Anthropocene 13:4–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Willis K, Denise Hardesty B, Kriwoken L, Wilcox C (2017) Differentiating 874 littering, urban runoff and marine transport as sources of marine debris in coastal and estuarine environments. Sci Rep 7:44479

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Worm B, Lotze HK, Jubinville I, Wilcox C, Jambeck J (2017) Plastic as a persistent marine pollutant. Annu Rev Environ Resour 42:1–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Bakir A, Rowland SJ, Thompson RC (2014) Enhanced design of persistent organic pollutants from microplastics under simulated physiological conditions. Environ Pollut 185:16–23

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Gewert B, Plassmann MM, Macleod M (2015) Pathways for degradation of plastic polymers floating in the marine environment. Environ Sci Process Impacts 17:1513–1521

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Ghiglione JF, Martin-Laurent F, Stachowski-Haberkorn S, Pesce S, Vuilleumier S (2014) The coming of age of microbial ecotoxicology: report on the first two meetings in France. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 21:14241–14245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Ghiglione JF, Martin-Laurent F, Pesce S (2016) Microbial ecotoxicology: an emerging discipline facing contemporary environmental threats. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:3981–3983

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Debroas D, Mone A, Ter Halle A (2017) Plastics in the North Atlantic garbage patch: a boat microbe for hitchhikers and plastic degraders. Sci Total Environ 599:1222–1232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Dussud C, Meistertzheim AL, Conan P, Pujo-Pay M, George M, Fabre P, Coudane J, Higgs P, Elineau A, Pedrotti ML et al (2018) Evidence of niche partitioning among bacteria living on plastics, organic particles and surrounding seawaters. Environ Pollut 236:807–816

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Lobelle D, Cunliffe M (2011) Early microbiofilm formation on marine plastic debris. Mar Pollut Bull 62:197–200

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Oberbeckmann S, Loeder MGJ, Labrenz M (2015) Marine microplastic- associated biofilms – a review. Environ Chem 12:551–562

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Dussud C, Hudec C, George M, Fabre P, Higgs P, Bruzaud S et al (2018) Colonization of non-biodegradable and biodegradable plastics by marine microorganisms. Front Microbiol 9:1571

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Bryant JA, Clemente TM, Viviani DA, Fong AA, Thomas KA, Kemp P et al (2016) Diversity and activity of aommunities inhabiting plastic debris in the North Pacific gyre. mSystems 1

    Google Scholar 

  31. Oberbeckmann S, Kreikemeyer B, Labrenz M (2018) Environmental factors support the formation of special bacterial assemblages on microplastics. Front Microbiol 8:2709

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Kettner MT, Rojas-Jimenez K, Oberbeckmann S, Labrenz M, Grossart H-P (2017) Microplastics alter composition of fungal communities in aquatic ecosystems. Environ Microbiol 19:4447–4459

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Cózar A, Echevarria F, Gonzalez-Gordillo JI, Irigoien X, Ubeda B, Hernandez-Leon S et al (2014) Plastic debris in the open ocean. Proc Natl Acad Sci 111:10239–10244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Lebreton L, Slat B, Ferrari F, Sainte-Rose B, Aitken J, Marthouse R et al (2018) Evidence that the great Pacific garbage patch is rapidly accumulating plastic. Sci Rep 8:4666

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Fazey FMC, Ryan PG (2016) Biofouling on buoyant marine plastics: an experimental study into the effect of size on surface longevity. Environ Pollut 210:354–360

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Kalogerakis N, Karkanorachaki K, Kalogerakis GC, Triantafyllidi EI, Gotsis AD, Partsinevelos P et al (2017) Microplastics generation: onset of fragmentation of polyethylene films in marine environment Mesocosms. Front Mar Sci 4:84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. De Tender CA, Devriese LI, Haegeman A, Maes S, Ruttink T, Dawyndt P (2015) Bacterial community profiling of plastic litter in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Environ Sci Technol 49:9629–9638

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. De Tender CA, Devriese LI, Haegeman A, Maes S, Vangeyte J, Cattrijsse A et al (2017) Temporal dynamics of bacterial and fungal colonization on plastic debris in the North Sea. Environ Sci Technol 51:7350–7360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Lee J-W, Nam J-H, Kim Y-H, Lee K-H, Lee D-H (2008) Bacterial communities in the initial stage of marine biofilm formation on artificial surfaces. J Microbiol 46:174–182

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Pompilio A, Piccolomini R, Picciani C, D'Antonio D, Savini V, Di Bonaventura G (2008) Factors associated with adherence to and biofilm formation on polystyrene by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: the role of cell surface hydrophobicity and motility. FEMS Microbiol Lett 287:41–47

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Dang H, Lovell CR (2016) Microbial surface colonization and biofilm development in marine environment. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 80:91–138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Oberbeckmann S, Loeder MG, Gerdts G, Osborn AM (2014) Spatial and season variation in diversity and structure of microbiofilms on marine plastics in northern European waters. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 90:478–492

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Briand J-F, Djeridi I, Jamet D, Coupé S, Bressy C, Molmeret M, Le Berre B, Rimet F, Bouchez A, Blache Y (2012) Pioneer marine biofilms on artificial surfaces included antifouling coatings immersed in two contrasting French Mediterranean coast sites. Biofouling 28:453–463

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Harrison JP, Schratzberger M, Sapp M, Mark Osborn A (2014) Rapid bacterial colonization of low-density polyethylene microplastics in coastal sediment microcosms. BMC Microbiol 14:232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Eich A, Mildenberger T, Laforsch C, Weber M (2015) Biofilm and diatom succession on polyethylene (PE) and biodegradable plastic bags in two marine habitats: early signs of degradation in the pelagic and benthic zone? PLoS One 10(9):e0137201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Dussud C, Meistertzheim A-L, Conan P, Pujo-Pay M, George M, Fabre P et al (2018) Evidence of niche partitioning among bacteria living on plastics, organic particles and surrounding seawaters. Environ Pollut 236:807–816

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Webb HK, Crawford RJ, Sawabe T, Ivanova EP (2009) Poly(ethylene terephthalate) polymer surfaces as a substrate for bacterial attachment and biofilm formation. Microbes Environ 24:39–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Pramila R, Ramesh KV (2011) Biodegradation of low density polyethylene (LDPE) by fungi isolated from municipal landfill area. J Microbiol Biotechnol 1:131–136

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Oberbeckmann S, Osborn AM, Duhaime MB (2016) Microbes on a bottle: substrate, season and geography influence community composition of microbes colonizing marine plastic debris. PLoS One e0159289:11

    Google Scholar 

  50. Pomeroy LR, Le B, Williams PJ, Azam F, Hobbie JE (2007) The microbial loop. Oceanography 20:28–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Fenchel T (2008) The microbial loop – 25 years later. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 366:99–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Hutchins DA, Fu F (2017) Microorganisms and ocean global change. Nat Microbiol 2:17058

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Goldstein MC, Carson HS, Eriksen M (2014) Relationship of diversity and habitat area in North Pacific plastic-associated rafting communities. Mar Biol 161:1441–1453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Kirstein IV, Kirmizi S, Wichels A, Garin-Fernandez A, Erler R, Löder M et al (2016) Dangerous hitchhikers? Evidence for potentially pathogenic Vibrio 690 spp. on microplastic particles. Mar Environ Res 120:1–8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Keswani A, Oliver DM, Gutierrez T, Quilliam RS (2016) Microbial hitchhikers on marine plastic debris: human exposure risks at bathing waters and beach environments. Mar Environ Res 118:10–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Amaral-Zettler LA, Zettler ER, Slikas B, Boyd GD, Melvin DW, Morrall CE, Proskrowski G, Mincer TJ (2015) The biogeography of the plastisphere: implications for policy. Front Ecol Environ 13:541–546

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Hoeksema BW (2012) Evolutionary trends in onshore-offshore distribution patterns of mushroom coral species (Scleractinia: Fungiidae). Contrib Zool 81(4):199–221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Barnes DKA, Fraser KPP (2003) Rafting by five phyla on man-made flotsam in the Southern Ocean. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 262:289–291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Harrison JP, Boardman C, O'Callaghan K, Delort A-M, Song J (2018) Biogradability standards for carrier bags and plastic films in aquatic environments: a critical review. R Soc Open Sci 5:171792

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Krueger MC, Harms H, Schlosser D (2015) Prospects for microbiological solutions to environmental pollution with plastics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnnol 99:8857–8874

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Cosgrove L, Mc Geechan PL, Robson GD, Handley PS (2007) Fungal communities associated with degradation of polyester polyurethane in soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 73:5817–5824

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Koitabashi M, Noguchi Masako T, Sameshima-Yamashita Y, Kitamoto HK et al (2012) Degradation of biodegradable plastic mulch films in soil environment by phylloplane fungi isolated from gramineous plants. AMB Express 2:40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Gajendiran A, Krishnamoorthy S, Abraham J (2016) Microbial degradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) by Aspergillus clavatus strain JASK1 isolated from landfill oil. 3 Biotech 6:52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Magnin A, Hoornaert L, Pollet E, Laurichesse S, Phalip V, Avérous L (2018) Isolation and characterization of different promising fungi for biological waste management of polyurethanes. Microbial Biotechnol 12(3):544–555

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Gonda KE, Jendrossek D, Molitoris HP (2000) Liebezeit G, Dittmann S, Kröncke I (eds) Fungal degradation of the thermoplastic polymer poly-ß-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) under simulated deep sea pressure BT – life at interfaces and under extreme conditions. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 173–183

    Google Scholar 

  66. Shah AA, Hasan F, Hameed A, Ahmed S (2008) Biological degradation of plastics: a composite review. Biotechnnol Adv 26:246–265

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Mohee R, Unmar GD, Mudhoo A, Khadoo P (2008) Biogradability of biodegradable/degradable plastic materials under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Waste Manag 28:1624–1629

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Kale SK, Deshmukh AG, Dudhare MS, Patil VB (2015) Microbial degradation of plastic: a review. J Biochem Technol 6:952–961

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Bhardwaj H, Gupta R, Tiwari A (2013) Communities of microbial enzymes associated with biodegradation of plastics. J Polym Environ 21:575–579

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Pathak VM (2017) Review on the current status of polymer degradation: a microbial approach. Bioresour Bioprocess 4:15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. İpekoglu B, Böke H, Çizer Ö (2007) Assessment of material use in relation to climate in historical buildings. Build Environ 42:970–978

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Dussud C, Ghiglione J-F (2014) Bacterial degradation of synthetic plastics. In: Briand F (ed) Marine litter in the Mediterranean and black seas. CIESM Publisher, p 180

    Google Scholar 

  73. Caruso G (2020) Microbial-colonization in marine environments: overview of current knowledge and emerging research topics. J Mar Sci Eng 8(2):78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Moore CJ, Moore SL, Weisberg SB, Lattin GL, Zellers AF (2002) A comparison of neustonic plastic and zooplankton abundance in southern California's coastal waters. Mar Pollut Bull 44:1035–1038

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Lattin GL, Moore CJ, Zellers AF, Moore SL, Weisberg SBA (2004) Comparison of neustonic plastic and zooplankton at different depths near the southern California shore. Mar Pollut Bull 49:291–294

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Cole M, Lindeque P, Halsband C, Galloway TS (2011) Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: a review. Mar Pollut Bull 62:2588–2597

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Ballent A, Pando S, Purser A, Juliano MF, Thomsen L (2013) Modelled transport of benthic marine microplastic pollution in the Nazaré canyon. Biogeosciences 10:7957–7970

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Browne MA, Galloway T, Thompson R (2007) Microplastic – an emerging contaminant of potential concern? Integrr Environ Assess Manag 3:559–566

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Corcoran PL (2015) Benthic plastic debris in marine and fresh water environments. Environ Sci Process Impacts 8:1363–1369

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Corcoran PL, Biesinger MC, Grifi M (2009) Plastics and beaches: a degrading relationship. Mar Pollut Bull 58:80–84

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Cai L, Wu D, Xia J, Shi H, Kim H (2019) Influence of physicochemical surface properties on the adhesion of bacteria onto four types of plastics. Sci Total Environ 671:1101–1107

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Carson HS, Nerheim MS, Carroll KA, Eriksen M (2013) The plastic-associated microorganisms of the North Pacific gyre. Mar Pollut Bull 75:126–132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Reisser J, Shaw J, Hallegraeff G, Proietti M, Barnes DK, Thums M, Wilcox C, Hardesty BD, Pattiaratchi C (2014) Millimeter-sized marine plastics: a new pelagic habitat for microorganisms and invertebrates. PLoS One 9:e100289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Salta M, Wharton JA, Blache Y, Stokes KR, Briand JF (2013) Marine biofilms on artificial surfaces: structure and dynamics. Environ Microbiol 15:2879–2893

    Google Scholar 

  85. Khandeparker L, D'Costa PM, Anil AC, Sawant SS (2014) Interactions of bacteria with diatoms: influence on natural marine biofilms. Mar Ecol 35:233–248

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Amin SA, Parker MS, Armbrust EV (2012) Interactions between diatoms and bacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 76:667–684

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Abell GC, Bowman JP (2005) Colonization and community dynamics of class Flavobacteria on diatom detritus in experimental mesocosms based on southern ocean seawater. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 53:379–391

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Delacuvellerie A, Cyriaque V, Gobert S, Benali S, Wattiez R (2019) The plastisphere in marine ecosystem hosts potential special microbial degraders inclusion Alcanivorax borkumensis as a key player for the low-density polyethylene degradation. J Hazard Mater:380

    Google Scholar 

  89. Hung OS, Thiyagarajan V, Zhang R, Wu RSS, Qian PY (2007) Attachment of Balanus amphitrite larvae to biofilms originating from contrasting environments. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 333:229–242

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Balasubramanian V, Palanichamy S, Subramanian G, Rajaram R (2012) Development of polyvinyl chloride biofilms for succession of selected marine bacterial populations. J Environ Biol 33:57–60

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Briand J-F, Barani A, Garnieri C, Réhel K, Urvois F, LePoupon C, Bouchez A, Debroas D, Bressy C (2017) Spatio-temporal variations of marine biofilm communities colonizing artificial substrata including antifouling coatings in contrasted French coastal environments. Microb Ecol 74:585–598

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Misic C, Harriague AC (2019) Development of marine biofilm on plastic: ecological features in different seasons, temperatures, and light regimes. Hydrobiologia 835:129–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. O'Connor NJ, Richardson DL (1998) Attachment of barnacle (Balanus amphitrite Darwin) larvae: responses to bacterial films and extracellular materials. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 226:115–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Leroy C, Delbarre-Ladrat C, Ghillebaert F, Rochet MJ, Compère C, Combes D (2007) A marine bacterial adhesion microplate test using the DAPI fluorescent dye: a new method to screen antifouling agents. Lett Appl Microbiol 44:372–378

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Chiu JMY, Thiyagarajan V, Tsoi MMY, Qian PY (2005) Qualitative and quantitative changes in marine biofilms as a function of temperature and salinity in summer and winter. Biofilms 2:183–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Xu H, Min G-S, Choi J-K, Jung J-H, Park M-H (2009) An application to analysis of periphytic ciliate colonization for monitoring water quality using a modified artificial substrate in Korean coast waters. Mar Pollut Bull 58:1278–1285

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Jeong S, Kim J-A, Kim H, Chung K-S, Yoon H-O (2018) Identification of preponderant marine bacteria and their biofouling charteristics on adsorbents of different sizes and shapes in seawater. J Mar Sci Technol 26:458–464

    Google Scholar 

  98. Lee YK, Kwon KK, Cho KH, Park JH, Lee HK (2005) Isolation and identification of Bacteria from marine biofilms. Key Eng Mater 277:612–617

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Dobretsov S, Abed RM, Teplitski M (2013) Mini-review: inhibit of biofouling by marine microorganisms. Biofouling 29:423–441

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Mejdandžić M, Ivanković T, Pfannkuchen M, Godrijan JM, Pfannkuchen DM, Hrenović J, Ljubešić Z (2015) Colonization of diatoms and bacteria on artificial substrates in the northeastern coastal Adriatic Sea. Acta Bot Croat 74:407–422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Prata JC, da Costa JP, Lopes I, Duarte AC, Rocha-Santos T (2019) Effects of microplastics on microalgae populations: a critical review. Sci Total Environ 665:400–405

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Lagarde F, Oliver O, Zanella M, Daniel P, Hiard S, Caruso A (2016) Microplastic interactions with freshwater microalgae: hetero-aggregation and changes in plastic density approach strongly independent on polymer type. Environ Pollut 215:331–339

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Davarpanah E, Guilhermino L (2015) Single and combined effects of microplastics and copper on the population growth of the marine microalgae Tetraselmis chuii. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 167:269–275

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Zhang C, Chen X, Wang J, Tan L (2017) Toxic effects of microplastics on marine microalgae Skeletonema costatum: interactions between microplastics and algae. Environ Pollut 220:1282–1288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Sjollema SB, Redondo-Hasselerharm P, Leslie HA, Kraak MHS, Vethaak AD (2016) Do plastic particles affect microalgal photosynthesis and growth? Aquat Toxicol 170:259–261

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Bhattacharya P, Lin S, Turner JP, Ke PC (2010) Physical adsorption of charges plastic nanoparticles affect algal photosynthesis. J Phys Chem C 114:16556–16561

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Casado MP, Macken A, Byrne HJ (2013) Ecotoxicological assessment of silica and polystyrene nanoparticles assessed by a multitrophic test battery. Environ Int 51:97–105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Nolte TM, Hartmann NB, Kleijn JM, Garnæs J, van de Meent D, Hendriks AJ, Baun A (2017) The toxicity of plastic nanoparticles to green algae as inflected by surface modification, medium hardness and cellular adsorption. Aquat Toxicol 183:11–20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Prata JC, Lavorante BRBO, Montenegro MDBSM, Guilhermino L (2018) Influence of microplastics on the toxicity of the pharmaceuticals procainamide and doxycyline on the marine microalgae Tetraselmis chuii. Aquat Toxicol 197:143–152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Besseling E, Wang B, Lürling M, Koelmans AA (2014) Nanoplastic affects growth of S. obliquus and reproduction of D. magna. Environ Sci Technol 48:12336–12343

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Casabianca S, Capellacci S, Giacobbe MG, Dell'Aversano C, Tartaglione L, Varriale F, Narizzano R, Risso F, Moretto P, Dagnino A, Bertolotto R, Bargbone EN, Penna A (2019) Plastic-associated harmful microalgal assemblages in marine environment. Environ Pollut 244:617–626

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Ryan P (1988) Effects of ingested plastic on seabird feeding: evidence from chickens. Mar Pollut Bull 19(3):125–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. Spear LB, Ainley DG, Ribic CA (1995) Incidence of plastic in seabirds from the tropical pacific, 1984–1991: relation with distribution of species, sex, age, season, year and body weight. Mar Environ Res 40(2):123–146

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Long M, Moriceau B, Gallinari M, Lambert C, Huvet A, Raffray J, Soudant P (2015) Interactions between microplastics and phytoplankton gregates: impact on their respective fates. Mar Chem 175:39–46

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Long M, Paul-Pont I, Hégaret H, Moriceau B, Lambert C, Huvet A, Soudant P (2017) Interactions between polystyrene microplastics and marine phytoplankton lead to species-species-specific hetero-aggregation. Environ Pollut 228:454–463

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Michels J, Stippkugel A, Lenz M, Wirtz K, Engel A (2018) Rapid aggregation of biofilm-covered microplastics with marine biogenic particles. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 285(1885):20181203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  117. Van Cauwenberghe L, Vanreusel A, Mees J, Janssen CR (2013) Microplastic pollution in deep-sea sediments. Environ Poll 182:495–499

    Article  Google Scholar 

  118. Woodall LC, Sanchez-Vidal A, Canals M, Paterson GLJ et al (2014) The deep sea is a major sink for microplastic debris. R Soc Open Sci 1:140317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  119. Bergmann M, Wirzberger V, Krumpen T, Lorenz C, Primpke S, Tekman MB, Gerdts G (2017) High quantities of microplastic in Arctic deep-sea sediments from the HAUSGARTEN observer. Environ Sci Technol 51:11000–11010

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Kiørboe T, Andersen KP, Dam HG (1990) Coagulation efficiency and gregate formation in marine phytoplankton. Mar Biol 107:235–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  121. Engel A (2000) The role of transparent exopolymer parties (TEP) in the increase in apparent particle stickiness (a) during the decline of a diatom bloom. J Plankton Res 22:485–497

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Foulon V, Le Roux F, Lambert C, Huvet A, Soudant P, Paul-Pont I (2016) Colonization of polystyrene microparticles by Vibrio crassostreae: light and electron microscopic investigation. Environ Sci Technol 50:10988–10996

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Masó M, Fortuño JM, de Juan S, Demestre M (2016) Microfouling communities from pelagic and benthic marine plastic debris sampled across Mediterranean coast waters. Sci Mar 80S1:117–127

    Google Scholar 

  124. Dudek KL, Cruz BN, Polidoro B, Neuer S (2020) Microbial colonization of microplastics in the Caribbean Sea. Limnol Oceanogr Lett 5(1):5–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  125. Moog D, Schmitt J, Senger J et al (2019) Using a marine microalga as a chassis for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) degradation. Microb Cell Factories 18:171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Kumar RV, Kanna GR, Elumalai S (2017) Biogradation of polyethylene by green photosynthetic microalgae. J Bioemed Biodegrad 8:381

    Google Scholar 

  127. Khoironi A, Anggoro S, Sudarno S (2019) Evaluation of the interaction among microalgae Spirulina sp, plastics polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene in freshwater environment. J Ecol Eng 20(6):161–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  128. Kalinina OY, Sapozhnikov PV (2019) The study results of plastic waste overgrowth with micro-algae. J Environ Earth Еnergy Study (JEEES) 4:46–53

    Google Scholar 

  129. Sapozhnikov PV, Kalinina OY, Snigirova AA (2019) Phytoperyphyton of the marine plastic (pet) near the Crete coast. In: Advances in modern phycology: book of abstracts of the VI international conference 93

    Google Scholar 

  130. Snigirova AA, Kurakin AP (2019) Microalgae on the plastic substrates in the coastal area of the Gulf of Odessa (the Black Sea). In: Advances in modern phycology: book of abstracts of the VI international conference 103

    Google Scholar 

  131. Sapozhnikov PV, Snigirova AA, Kalinina OY (2020) Microphytes assemblages on the neustoplastics from the north Black Sea. In: Marine litter in the Black Sea marine litter in the Black Sea. Publisher: Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV) Publication No: 56, Istanbul, Turkey

    Google Scholar 

  132. Sapozhnikov PV, Snigirova AA, Kalinina OY (2018) Arkhitektura fitoperifitona polietilenovoy plenki s poverkhnosti Chernogo morya. Vodorosli: problemy taksonomii, ekologii i ispolzovanie v monitoringe. In: Algae: problems of taxonomy, ecologyand use in monitoring: proceedings of the IV all-Russian scientific conference with international participation, pp 378–383 (In Russ.)

    Google Scholar 

  133. Sapozhnikov PV, Kalinina OY, Snigirova AA (2019) Algobakterialnye cenozy na poverkhnosti razlichnykh vidov plastic (microplaston) v pribrezhnoj zone Egejskogo morya (Distrikht Bodrum, Turtsia). MARESEDU-2019, pp 351–359 (In Russ.)

    Google Scholar 

  134. Ryabushko LI, Sapozhnikov PV, Bondarenko AV, Kalinina OY (2019) Diatom foulings of synthetic polymer materials in Karantinnay Bay (Crimea, the Black Sea). Issues Modern Algol 2(20):87–91

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by RFBR Grant 18-44-920012/18 and RFBR Grant 19-55-80004. The work was performed at User Facilities Center of M.V. Lomonosow Moscow State University under financial support of Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation. The authors express their deep gratitude for the translation of the text to the agency “Lingvohaus” and personally to Anna Zheleznyak – an extra-class translator.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Sapozhnikov, P. et al. (2021). Plastic in the Aquatic Environment: Interactions with Microorganisms. In: Stock, F., Reifferscheid, G., Brennholt, N., Kostianaia, E. (eds) Plastics in the Aquatic Environment - Part I. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 111. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2021_747

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics