Abstract
Smokers tend to have lower body mass index, on one hand, and increased abdominal obesity, on the other hand. Also, low levels of lean mass (LM) and bone mineral content (BMC) were found among older smokers compared with non-smokers. This altered body composition and its consequences raise the need for simple and reliable methods for assessment of body composition in smokers. This study aimed to compare body composition assessment by segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (sBIA) with the reference method, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Body composition was measured by sBIA (Tanita BC-545) and DEXA (Hologic) in 49 heavy smokers (>15 cigarettes/day, mean age 43.8 ± 12.0). The comparison included correlations and differences between measurements obtained using the two methods as well as the Blande-Altman analysis. Whole-body fat mass (FM) and LM measured by the two methods were found to be highly correlated (r > 0.9, p < 0.001). Compared with DEXA, sBIA significantly overestimated whole-body LM and BMC (1,126 g and 382 g, respectively, p < 0.01). The Bland-Altman analysis revealed a good agreement for whole-body FM and LM, but a poor agreement for BMC. The segmental FM percentage and LM were also highly correlated (r > 0.9, p < 0.001). However, sBIA significantly overestimated LM of the trunk and legs and underestimated the appendicular FM percentage. Verified by DEXA, sBIA provides reliable measures of whole-body LM, FM, and trunk FM in heavy smokers. A lesser degree of agreement was found for BMC, appendicular LM, and FM.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Akbartabartoori M, Lean ME, Hankey CR (2005) Relationships between cigarette smoking, body size and body shape. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 29(2):236–243
Bamia C, Trichopoulou A, Lenas D, Trichopoulos D (2004) Tobacco smoking in relation to body fat mass and distribution in a general population sample. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 28(8):1091–1096
Barrett-Connor E, Khaw KT (1989) Cigarette smoking and increased central adiposity. Ann Intern Med 111(10):783–787
Beeson WL, Batech M, Schultz E, Salto L, Firek A, Deleon M, Balcazar H, Cordero-Macintyre Z (2010) Comparison of body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in Hispanic diabetics. Int J Body Compos Res 8(2):45–50
Bland JM, Altman DG (1986) Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet 1(8476):307–310
Canoy D, Wareham N, Luben R, Welch A, Bingham S, Day N, Khaw KT (2005) Cigarette smoking and fat distribution in 21,828 British men and women: a population-based study. Obes Res 13(8):1466–1475
Castillo EM, Goodman-Gruen D, Kritz-Silverstein D, Morton DJ, Wingard DL, Barrett-Connor E (2003) Sarcopenia in elderly men and women: the Rancho Bernardo study. Am J Prev Med 25:226–231
Clair C, Chiolero A, Faeh D, Cornuz J, Marques-Vidal P, Paccaud F, Mooser V, Waeber G, Vollenweider P (2011) Dose-dependent positive association between cigarette smoking, abdominal obesity and body fat: cross-sectional data from a population-based survey. BMC Public Health 11:23
Demirbag D, Ozdemir F, Ture M (2006) Effects of coffee consumption and smoking habit on bone mineral density. Rheumatol Int 26(6):530–535
Elgán C, Samsioe G, Dykes AK (2003) Influence of smoking and oral contraceptives on bone mineral density and bone remodeling in young women: a 2-year study. Contraception 67(6):439–447
Filozof C, Fernández Pinilla MC, Fernández-Cruz A (2004) Smoking cessation and weight gain. Obes Rev 5(2):95–103
Fürstenberg A, Davenport A (2011) Comparison of multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry assessments in outpatient hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 57(1):123–129
Jhun HJ, Seo HG, Lee DH, Sung MW, Kang YD, Syn HC, Jun JK (2010) Self-reported smoking and urinary cotinine levels among pregnant women in Korea and factors associated with smoking during pregnancy. J Korean Med Sci 25(5):752–757
Kim JH, Shim KW, Yoon YS, Lee SY, Kim SS, Oh SW (2012) Cigarette smoking increases abdominal and visceral obesity but not overall fatness: an observational study. PLoS One 7(9):e45815
Lee JS, Auyeung TW, Kwok T, Lau EM, Leung PC, Woo J (2007) Associated factors and health impact of sarcopenia in older Chinese men and women: a cross-sectional study. Gerontology 53:404–410
Lloret Linares C, Ciangura C, Bouillot JL, Coupaye M, Declèves X, Poitou C, Basdevant A, Oppert JM (2011) Validity of leg-to-leg bioelectrical impedance analysis to estimate body fat in obesity. Obes Surg 21(7):917–923
Szulc P, Garnero P, Claustrat B, Marchand F, Duboeuf F, Delmas PD (2002) Increased bone resorption in moderate smokers with low body weight: the Minos study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87(2):666–674
Szulc P, Duboeuf F, Marchand F, Delmas PD (2004) Hormonal and lifestyle determinants of appendicular skeletal muscle mass in men: the MINOS study. Am J Clin Nutr 80:496–503
Thibault R, Genton L, Pichard C (2012) Body composition: why, when and for who? Clin Nutr 31(4):435–447
Van den Borst B, Koster A, Yu B, Gosker HR, Meibohm B, Bauer DC, Kritchevsky SB, Liu Y, Newman AB, Harris TB, Schols AM (2011) Is age-related decline in lean mass and physical function accelerated by obstructive lung disease or smoking? Thorax 66(11):961–969
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by grants from the Rappaport Institute, the Krol Foundation of Barnegat N.J., the Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute of Gerontology and Human Development, and ESHEL – the association for planning and development of services for the aged in Israel.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest in relation to this article.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rom, O., Reznick, A.Z., Keidar, Z., Karkabi, K., Aizenbud, D. (2014). Body Composition in Heavy Smokers: Comparison of Segmental Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry. In: Pokorski, M. (eds) Body Metabolism and Exercise. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 840. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2014_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2014_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-10249-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-10250-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)