Skip to main content
  • 1681 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  1. Amann RI, Krumholz L, Stahl DA (1990) Fluorescent-oligonucleotide probing of whole cells for determinative, phylogenetic, and environmental studies in microbiology. J Bacteriol 172: 762–770

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Amann RI, Ludwig W, Schleifer K-H (1995) Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation. Microbiol Rev 59: 143–169

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bernalier A, Willems A, Leclerc M, Rochet V, Collins MD (1996) Ruminococcus hydrogenotrophicus sp. nov., a new H2/CO2-utilizing acetogenic bacterium isolated from human feces. Archives of Microbiology 166: 176–183

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bjorneklett A, Jenssen E (1982) Relationships between hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4) production in man. Scand J Gastroenterol 17: 985–992

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bry L, Falk PG, Midtvedt T, Gordon JI (1996) A model of host-microbial interactions in an open mammalian ecosystem. Science 273: 1380–1383

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bryant MP (1972) Commentary on the Hungate technique for culture of anaerobic bacteria. Amer J Clin Nutr 25: 1324–1328

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bullen CL, Tearle PV, Willis AT (1976) Bifidobacteria in the intestinal tract of infants: an in-vivo study. J Med Microbiol 9: 325–333.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bullen CL, Willis AT (1971) Resistance of the breast-fed infant to gastroenteritis. Br Med J 3: 338–343.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Chadwick RW, George SE, Claxton LD (1992) Role of the gastrointestinal mucosa and microflora in the bioactivation of dietary and environmental mutagens or carcinogens. Drug Metabolism Rev 24: 425–492

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Costerton JW, Cheng K-J, Geesey GG, Ladd TI, Nickel JC, Dasgupta M, Marrie TJ (1987) Bacterial biofilms in nature and disease. Ann Rev Microbiol 41: 435–464

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Cummings JH (1994) Anatomy and physiology of the human colon. In: ILSI Worksshop on colonic microflora: Nutrition and health, Barcelona, Spain

    Google Scholar 

  12. Cummings JH (1995) Short chain fatty acids. In: Gibson GR, Macfarlane GT (eds) Human colonic bacteria: role in nutrition, physiology and pathology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 101–130

    Google Scholar 

  13. Cummings JH, Macfarlane GT (1991) The control and consequences of bacterial fermentation in the human colon. Journal Of Applied Bacteriology 70: 443–459

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Cummings JH, Pomare EW, Branch WJ, Naylor CP, Macfarlane GT (1987) Short chain fatty acids in human large intestine, portal, hepatic and venous blood. Gut 28: 1221–1227

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Cummings JH, Wiggins HS, Jenkins DJ, Houston H, Jivraj T, Drasar BS, Hill MJ (1978) Influence of diets high and low in animal fat on bowel habit, gastrointestinal transit time, fecal microflora, bile acid, and fat excretion. J Clin Invest 61: 953–963.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. DeLong EF, Wickham GS, Pace NR (1989) Phylogenetic stains: ribosomal RNA-based probes for the identification of single microbial cells. Science 243: 1360–1363

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Drasar BS, Duerden BI (1991) Anaerobes in the normal flora of man. In: Drasar BS, Duerden BI (eds) Anaerobes in human disease. Edward Arnold, London, Melbourne, Auckland, pp 162–179

    Google Scholar 

  18. Formica JV, Regelson W (1995) Review of the biology of quercetin and related bioflavonoids. Fd Chem Toxic 33: 1061–1080

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Franks AH, Harmsen HJM, Raangs GC, Jansen GJ, Schut F, Welling GW (1998) Variations of bacterial populations in human feces measured by fluorescent in situ hybridization with group-specific 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes. Appl Environ Microbiol 64: 3336–3345

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Freter R (1983) Mechanisms that control the microflora in the large intestine. In: Hentges DJ (ed) Human intestinal microflora in health and disease. Academic Press, New York/London, pp 33–54

    Google Scholar 

  21. Gherardini F, Babcock M, Salyers AA (1985) Purification and characterization of two alpha-galactosidases associated with catabolism of guar gum and other alpha-galactosides by Bacteroides ovatus. J Bacteriol 161: 500–506.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Goldin BR (1986) The metabolism of the intestinal microflora and its relationship to dietary fat, colon and breast cancer. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research 222: 655–685

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Harmsen HJ, Wildeboer-Veloo AC, Grijpstra J, Knol J, Degener JE, Welling GW (2000) Development of 16S rRNA-based probes for the Coriobacterium group and the Atopobium cluster and their application for enumeration of Coriobacteriaceae in human feces from volunteers of different age groups. Appl Environ Microbiol 66: 4523–4527

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Holdeman LV, Good IJ, Moore WEC (1976) Human fecal flora: Variation in bacterial composition within individuals and a possible effect of emotional stress. Appl Environ Microbiol 31: 359–375

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Holdeman LV, Moore WE (1972) Roll-tube techniques for anaerobic bacteria. Am J Clin Nutr 25: 1314–1317

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Hooper LV, Xu J, Falk PG, Midtvedt T, Gordon JI (1999) A molecular sensor that allows a gut commensal to control its nutrient foundation in a competitive ecosystem. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 9833–9838

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Hungate RE (1969) A roll tube method for cultivation of strict anaerobes. Academic Press, New York, London

    Google Scholar 

  28. Hylemon PB, Glass TL (1983) Biotransformation of bile acids and cholesterol by the intestinal microflora. In: Hentges DJ (ed) Human intestinal microflora in health and disease. Academic Press, New York, pp 189–214

    Google Scholar 

  29. Kamlage B, Blaut M (1993) Isolation of a cytochrome-deficient mutant strain of Sporomusa sphaeroides incapable of oxidizing methyl groups. J Bacteriol 175: 3043–3050

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Langendijk PS, Schut F, Jansen GJ, Raangs GC, Kamphuis GR, Wilkinson MH, Welling GW (1995) Quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization of Bifidobacterium spp. with genus-specific 16S rRNA-targeted probes and its application in fecal samples. Appl Environ Microbiol 61: 3069–3075

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Ludwig W, Strunk O, Klugbauer S et al. (1998) Bacterial phylogeny based on comparative sequence analysis. Electrophoresis 19: 554–568

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Macfarlane GT, Cummings JH, Allison C (1986) Protein degradation by human intestinal bacteria. J General Microbiol 132: 1647–1656

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Macfarlane GT, Macfarlane S (1997) Human colonic microbiota: ecology, physiology and metabolic potential of intestinal bacteria. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 222: 3–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. McCarthy RE, Kotarski SF, Salyers AA (1985) Location and characteristics of enzymes involved in the breakdown of polygalacturonic acid by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. J Bacteriol 161: 493–499

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Miller TL, Wolin MJ (1996) Pathways of acetate, propionate, and butyrate formation by the human fecal microbial flora. Appl Environ Microbiol 62: 1589–1592

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Moore WE, Holdeman LV (1974) Human fecal flora: the normal flora of 20 Japanese-Hawaiians. Appl Microbiol 27: 961–679

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Mortensen PB, Clausen MR (1996) Short-chain fatty acids in the human colon: relation to gastrointestinal health and disease. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 216: 132–148

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Pitt P, de Bruijn KM, Beeching MF, Goldberg E, Blendis LM (1980) Studies on breath methane: the effect of ethnic origins and lactulose. Gut 21: 951–954.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Roediger WE (1980) The colonic epithelium in ulcerative colitis: an energy-deficiency disease? Lancet 2: 712–715

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Roediger WE, Duncan A, Kapaniris O, Millard S (1993) Sulphide impairment of substrate oxidation in rat colonocytes: a biochemical basis for ulcerative colitis? Clin Sci (Colch) 85: 623–627

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Roediger WEW (1980) Role of anaerobic bacteria in the metabolic welfare of the colonic mucosa of man. Gut 21: 793–798

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Rotimi VO, Duerden BI (1981) The development of the bacterial flora in normal neonates. J Med Microbiol 14: 51–62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Salyers AA, Gherardini F, O’Brien M (1981) Utilization of xylan by two species of human colonic Bacteroides. Appl Environ Microbiol 41: 1065–1068

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Salyers AA, Leedle JAZ (1983) Carbohydrate metabolism in the human colon. In: Hentges DJ (ed) Human intestinal microflora in health and disease. Academic Press, New York, London, pp 129–146

    Google Scholar 

  45. Salyers AA, O’Brien M, Kotarski SF (1982) Utilization of chondroitin sulfate by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron growing in carbohydrate-limited continuous culture. J Bacteriol 150: 1008–1015

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Salyers AA, Palmer JK, Wilkins TD (1977) Laminarinase (beta-glucanase) activity in Bacteroides from the human colon. Appl Environ Microbiol 33: 1118–1124.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Salyers AA, West SE, Vercellotti JR, Wilkins TD (1977) Fermentation of mucins and plant polysaccharides by anaerobic bacteria from the human colon. Appl Environ Microbiol 34: 529–533.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Schneider H, Schwiertz A, Collins MD, Blaut M (1999) Anaerobic transformation of quercetin-3-glucoside by bacteria from the human intestinal tract. Arch Microbiol 171: 81–91

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Schwiertz A, Le Blay G, Blaut M (2000) Quantification of different Eubacterium spp in human fecal samples with species-specific 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes. Appl Environ Microbiol 66: 375–382

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Segal I, Walker ARP, Lord S, Cummings JH (1988) Breath methane and large bowel cancer risk in contrasting african populations. Gut 29: 608–613

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Setchell KDR, Borriello SP, Gordon H, Lawson AM, Harkness R, Morgan DML, Kirk DN, Adlercreutz H, Anderson LC, Axelson M (1981) Lignan formation in man-microbial involvement and possible roles in relation to cancer. Lancet 4: 4–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Sghir A, Gramet G, Suau A, Rochet V, Pochart P, Doré J (2000) Quantification of bacterial groups within human fecal flora by oligonucleotide probe hybridization. Appl Environ Microbiol 66: 2263–2266

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Simmering R, Kleessen B, Blaut. M (1999) Quantification of the flavonoid-degrading bacterium Eubacterium ramulus in human fecal samples with a species-specific oligonucleotide hybridization probe. Appl Environ Microbiol 65: 3705–3709

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Smith KA, Salyers AA (1989) Cell-associated pullulanase from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron: cloning, characterization, and insertional mutagenesis to determine role in pullulan utilization. J Bacteriol 171: 2116–2123.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Smith KA, Salyers AA (1991) Characterization of a neopullulanase and an alpha-glucosidase from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 95-1. J Bacteriol 173: 2962–2968.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Suau A, Bonnet R, Sutren M, Godon JJ, Gibson GR, Collins MD, Doré J (1999) Direct analysis of genes encoding 16S rRNA from complex communities reveals many novel molecular species within the human gut. Appl Environ Microbiol 65: 4799–4807

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Summerton J, Goeting N, Trotter GA, Taylor I (1985) Effect of deoxycholic acid on the tumour incidence, distribution, and receptor status of colorectal cancer in the rat model. Digestion 31: 77–81

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Tannock GW (1995) Normal microflora. Chapman & Hall, London

    Google Scholar 

  59. Variyam EP, Hoskins LC (1981) Mucin degradation in human colon ecosystems. Degradation of hog gastric mucin by fecal extracts and fecal cultures. Gastroenterology 81: 751–758.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Wagner M, Amann R, Lemmer H, Schleifer KH (1993) Probing activated sludge with oligonucleotides specific for proteobacteria: inadequacy of culture-dependent methods for describing microbial community structure. Appl Environ Microbiol 59: 1520–1525.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Weaver GA, Krause JA, Miller TL, Wolin MJ (1992) Cornstarch fermentation by the colonic microbial community yields more butyrate than does cabbage fiber fermentation; cornstarch fermentation rates correlate negatively with methanogenesis. Am J Clin Nutr 55: 70–77

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Weaver GA, Tangel CT, Krause JA, Parfitt MM, Jenkins PL, Rader JM, Lewis BA, Miller TL, Wolin MJ (1997) Acarbose enhances human colonic butyrate production. J Nutr 127: 717–723

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Weaver J, Whitehead TR, Cotta MA, Valentine PC, Salyers AA (1992) Genetic analysis of a locus on the Bacteroides ovatus chromosome which contains xylan utilization genes. Appl Environ Microbiol 58: 2764–2770

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Wilson KH, Blitchington RB (1996) Human colonic biota studied by ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 62: 2273–2278

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Woese CR (1987) Bacterial evolution. Microbiol Rev 51: 221–271

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer Medizin Verlag Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Blaut, M. (2006). Ökologie des Darmes. In: Caspary, W.F., Kist, M., Stein, J. (eds) Infektiologie des Gastrointestinaltraktes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg . https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-37211-3_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-37211-3_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-41359-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-37211-0

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics