Zusammenfassung
Der Gastrointestinaltrakt ist in vieler Hinsicht wesentlich von einer HIV-Infektion betroffen. So ist weiterhin in westlichen Industrienationen der anorezeptive Sexualverkehr der häufigste Infektionsweg von HIV bei homosexuellen Patienten [21]. Da der Gastrointestinaltrakt nahezu 50% des menschlichen lymphoiden Gewebes enthält und HIV konzentriert in lymphoidem Gewebe nachweisbar ist, kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass dies ein wesentlicher Ort der HIV-Replikation ist [7, 18]. Während man früher davon ausging, dass nur eine Schädigung der Mukosa den Eintritt von HIV aus dem Lumen in die Blutbahn ermöglicht, zeigen neuere Forschungsergebnisse, dass HIV auch sein Ziel bei intakter Mukosa erreichen kann. Dies beinhaltet Hypothesen einer Invasion von HIV über M-Zellen oder über intestinale Epithelzellen über Bindung an Galaktosyl-Ceramid-Rezeptoren [8, 3].
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Brodt, H.R. (2006). Gastrointestinale Manifestationen der HIV-Infektion. In: Caspary, W.F., Kist, M., Stein, J. (eds) Infektiologie des Gastrointestinaltraktes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg . https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-37211-3_11
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