Abstract
The CAESAR (Cellular Automaton Evolutionary Slope And River) model is used to simulate the Holocene evolution of four major tributaries of the Yorkshire Ouse (The Rivers Swale, Ure, Nidd and Wharfe). Using a regular grid to represent each river catchment, the model simulates erosion and deposition for every flood over the last 9000 years driven by a land cover history derived from palynological sources and a rainfall record reconstructed from peat bog wetness indices. Results from these simulations show that all four catchments demonstrate rapid increases of sediment discharge in response to wet shifts in the climate record, and the magnitude of sediment yields are amplified after simulated catchment deforestation. However, there are some differences in sediment yield between the river catchments which are caused by sediment storage and re-mobilisation within lower gradient reaches or sub basins. This modelling study shows how it is possible to simulate the evolution of large river catchments over Holocene time scales, but highlights that there are still many problems to be overcome, especially with process representation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anderson, D. E., Binney, H. A., and Smith, M. A. (1998): Evidence for abrupt climatic change in northern Scotland between 3900 and 3500 calendar years BP. The Holocene, 8:97–103.
Barber, K. E., Chambers. F. M., Maddy. D., Stoneman. R., and Brew. J. S. (1994): A sensitive high resolution record of late Holocene climatic change from a raised bog in northern England. The Holocene, 4(2): 198–205.
Braun, J., and Sambridge, M. (1997): Modelling landscape evolution on geological time scales: a new method based on irregular spatial discretization. Basin Research, 9:27–52.
Coulthard, T. J., Kirkby, M. J., and Macklin, M. G. (2000): Modelling geomorphic response to environmental change in an upland catchment. Hydrological Processes, 14:2031–2045.
Coulthard, T. J., and Macklin, M. G. (2001): How sensitive are river systems to climate and land-use changes? A model based evaluation. Journal of Quaternary Science, 16:346–351.
Coulthard, T. J., Macklin, M. G., and Kirkby, M. J. (2002): A cellular model of Holocene upland river basin and alluvial fan evolution. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 27(3): 269–288.
Cui, Y., Parker, G., and Paola, C. (1996): Numerical simulation of aggradation and downstream fining. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 34(2): 185–204.
Desmet, P. J. J., and Govers, G. (1996): Comparison of routing algorithms for digital elevation models and their implications for predicting ephemeral gullies. International Journal of Geographical Information systems, 10(3): 311–331.
Einstein, H. A. (1950): The bed-load function for sediment transport on open channel flows. Tech. Bull. No. 1026, USDA, Soil Conservation Service, 71.
Hoey, T., and Ferguson, R. (1994): Numerical simulation of downstream fining by selective transport in gravel bed rivers: Model development and illustration. Water resources research, 30(7): 2251–2260.
Howard, A. J., Macklin, M. G., Black, S., and Hudson-Edwards, K. A. (2000): Holocene river development and environmental change in Upper Wharfedale, Yorkshire Dales, England. Journal of Quaternary Science, 15: 239–252.
Lang, A., Preston, N., Dikau, R., Bork, H.-R., and Mäckel, R. (2000): Land Use and Climate Impacts on Fluvial Systems During the Period of Agriculture-Examples from the Rhine catchment. PAGES Newsletter, 8/3: 11–13.
Macklin, M. G., Taylor, M. P., Hudson-Edwards, K. A., and Howard, A. J. (2000): Holocene environmental change in the Yorkshire Ouse basin and its influence on river dynamics and sediment fluxes to the coastal zone.-In: Shennan, I., and Andrews, J. E. (eds): Holocene land-ocean interaction and environmental change around the western North Sea. Geological Society, Special Publications, 166: 87–96.
Murray, A. B., and Paola, C. (1994): A cellular model of braided rivers. Nature, 371: 54–57.
Shennan, I., and Andrews, J. (2000): An introduction to Holocene land-ocean interaction and environmental change around the western North Sea.-In: Shennan, I., and Andrews, J. (eds): Holocene land-ccean interaction and environmental change around the western North Sea. Geological Society, London. Special Publications, 166: 1–7.
Smith, R. T. (1986): Aspects of the soil and vegetation history of the Craven District of Yorkshire.-In: Manby, T. G., and Turnbull, P. (eds): Archaeology in the Pennines. B.A.R. British Series 158, Oxford: 3–28.
Tinsley, H. M. (1975): The former woodland of the Nidderdale Moors (Yorkshire) and the role of early man in its decline. Journal of Ecology, 6: 1–26.
Tucker, G.E., Lancaster, S.T., Gasparini, N.M., Bras, R.L., and Rybarczyk, S.M. (2001): An Object-Oriented Framework for Hydrologic and Geomorphic Modeling Using Triangulated Irregular Networks. Computers and Geosciences, 27(8): 959–973.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Coulthard, T.J., Macklin, M.G. (2003). Long-term and large scale high resolution catchment modelling: Innovations and challenges arising from the NERC Land Ocean Interaction Study (LOIS). In: Lang, A., Dikau, R., Hennrich, K. (eds) Long Term Hillslope and Fluvial System Modelling. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, vol 101. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36606-7_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36606-7_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-00982-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-36606-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive