Abstract
The main aim of this chapter is to present and discuss a set of modeling and specification techniques, in what concerns their ontology and support in the requirements representation of computer-based systems. A systematic classification of meta-models, also called models of computation, is presented. This topic is highly relevant since it supports the definition of sound specification methodologies in relation to the semantic definition of the modeling views to adopt for a given system. The usage and applicability of Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams is also related to their corresponding meta-models. A set of desirable characteristics for the specification methodologies is presented and justified to allow system designers and requirements engineers to more consciously define or choose a particular specification methodology. A heuristic-based approach to support the transformation of user into system requirements is suggested, with some graphical examples in UML notation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ainsworth M, Cruickshank AH, Groves LG, Wallis PJL (1994) Viewpoint specification and Z. Information Software Technology, February 36: 43–51
Back RJ, Petre L, Porres I (1999) Analyzing UML use cases as contracts: Beyond the standard. In: Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on the Unified Modeling Language (UML’99), Fort Collins, CO, USA, pp.518–33
Becker LB, Pereira CE, Dias OP, Teixeira IM, Teixeira JP (2000) MOSYS: A methodology for automatic object identification from system specification. In: Proceedings of 3rd International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC 2000), Newport Beach, CA, USA, pp.198–201
Booch G (1996) Best of booch: Designing strategies for object technology. SIGS, New York, NY, USA
Calvez JP (1996) A system specification model and method. In: High Level System Modeling: Specification and Design Methodologies. Waxman R, Bergé JM, Levia O, Rouillard J. (Eds.), Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
Chen PS (1977) The entity relationship approach to logical data base design. Q.E.D. Information Sciences, Wellesley, MA, USA
Chung L, Nixon B, Yu E, Mylopoulos J (2000) Non-functional requirements in software engineering. Kluwer Academic, Boston, MA, USA
Cunin PY, Greenwood R, Francou L, Robertson I, Warboys B (2001) The PIE methodology: Concept and application. In: Proceedings of 8th European Workshop on Software Process Technology, Witten, Germany, pp.3–26
Davis WS (1983) Tools and techniques for structured systems analysis and design. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA
De Marco T (1979) Structured analysis and system specification. Yourdon Press, New York, NY, USA
Dori D (2002) Object-process methodology: A holistic systems paradigm, Springer, Berlin, Germany
Fernandes JM, Lilius J (2004) Functional and object-oriented views in embedded software modeling. In: Proceedings of 11th International Conference on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems (ECBS 2004), Brno, Czech Rep., pp.378–87, IEEE CS Press, May
Fernandes JM, Machado RJ (2001) From use cases to objects: An industrial information systems case study analysis. In: Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Object-Oriented Information Systems (OOIS’01), Calgary, Canada, August pp.319–28
Finkelstein A, Kramer J, Nuseibeh B, Finkelstein L, Goedicke M (1992) Viewpoints: A framework for integrating multiple perspectives in system development. International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, 2: 31–57
Firesmith D, Henderson-Sellers B (2002) The OPEN process framework: An introduction. Addison-Wesley, Harlow, UK
Gajski D, Dutt N, Wu A, Lin S (1992) High level synthesis: Introduction to chip and system design, Kluwer Academic, Boston, MA, USA
Gajski D, Vahid F, Narayan S, Gong J (1994) Specification and design of embedded systems. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA
Harel D (1988) On visual formalisms. Communications of the ACM, 31(5): 514–30
Henderson-Sellers B (2003) Method engineering for OO systems development. Communications of the ACM, 46(10): 73–8
Holland IM, Lieberherr KJ (1996) Object-oriented design. ACM Computing Surveys, 28(1): 273–5
IEEE (1990) IEEE Standard glossary of software engineering terminology, 610.12-1990
International Standards Organization (1995) Information technology: Software lifecycle processes (ISO/IEC12207). Geneva, Switzerland
Jacobson I, Christerson M, Jonsson P, Overgaard GÄ (1992) Object-oriented software engineering: A use case driven approach. Addison Wesley, Reading, MA, USA
Jensen K (1997) Colored Petri nets: Basic concepts, analysis methods and practical use. Vol.1, Basic concepts. Monographs in Theoretical Computer Science, Springer, New York, NY, USA
Jensen K, Christensen S, Huber P, Holla M (1992) Design/CPN: A reference manual. MetaSoftware Corporation
Kaindl H (1999) Difficulties in the transition from OO analysis to design. IEEE Software, 16(5): 94–102
Kotonya G, Sommerville I (1992) Viewpoints for requirements definition. Software Engineering Journal, 7(6): 375–87
Lakos C, Keen C (1994) LOOPN++: A new language for object oriented Petri Nets. In: Proceedings of European Simulation Multi-conference, Barcelona, Spain, pp.369 74, Society for Computer Simulation
Leite JCSP, Freeman PA (1991) Requirements validation through viewpoint resolution, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 12(12): 1253–1269
Liang Y (2003) From use cases to classes: A way of building object model with UML. Information and Software Technology, 45: 83–93
Machado RJ, Fernandes JM (2001) A Petri Net meta-model to develop software components for Embedded Systems. In: Proceedings of 2nd IEEE International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design (ACSD’01), Newcastle, UK, pp.113–22, IEEE CS Press
Moore EF (1964) Sequential machines: Selected papers. Addison Wesley, Reading, MA, USA
Narayan S, Vahid F, Gajski D (1991) System specification and synthesis with the speccharts language. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD’91), Santa Clara, CA, USA, pp.266–9, IEEE CS Press
Peterson J (1981) Petri Net theory and the modeling of systems. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA
Reisig W (1985) Petri Nets: An introduction, EATCS Monographs on Theoretical Computer Science, Vol.4, Springer, Berlin, Germany
Robertson S, Robertson J (1999) Mastering the requirements process, Addison Wesley, Reading, MA, USA
Rosenberg D, Scott K (1999) Use case driven object modeling with UML: A practical approach. Addison Wesley, Reading, MA, USA
Saeki M, Kaiya H (2003) Transformation based approach for weaving use case models in aspect-oriented requirements analysis. 4th Workshop on AOSD Modeling with UML, within the UML 2003 Conference, San Francisco, CA, USA, October
Sarkar A, Waxman R, Cohoon J (1995) Specification modeling methodologies for reactive systems design. In: High Level System Modeling: Specification Languages. Bergé JM, Levia O, Rouillard J. (Eds.), Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
Schneider G, Winters JP (1998) Applying use cases: A practical guide. Addison Wesley, Reading, MA, USA
Stevens R, Brook P, Jackson K, Arnold S (1998) Systems engineering: Coping with complexity. Prentice Hall Europe, Hertfordshire, UK
Sutcliffe A (1988) Jackson system development. Prentice Hall, Hertfordshire, UK
Sutcliffe A, Maiden M, Minocha S, Manuel D (1998) Supporting scenario-based requirements engineering. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 24(12): 1072–88
ter Hofstede AHM, Verhoef TF (1997) On the feasibility of situational method engineering. Information Systems, 22(6/7): 401–22
van Lamsweerde A, Willemet L (1998) Inferring declarative requirements specifications from operational scenarios. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 24(12): 1089–114
Yourdon E, Constantine L (1978) Structured design: Fundamentals of a discipline of computer program and systems design. Yourdon Press, New York, NY, USA
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Machado, R.J., Ramos, I., Fernandes, J.M. (2005). Specification of Requirements Models. In: Aurum, A., Wohlin, C. (eds) Engineering and Managing Software Requirements. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28244-0_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28244-0_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-25043-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-28244-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)