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Central Nervous System Complications in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy

  • Chapter
Imaging of Complications and Toxicity following Tumor Therapy

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

Abstract

Anticancer treatments (cytotoxic chemotherapies, targeted therapies, and hormonotherapies) are known to induce early and delayed neurological toxicities, but it is often difficult to determine which drug is causing the symptoms in patients treated with multiple cytotoxic drugs. Acute encephalopathies and posterior reversible encephalopathies are the most characteristic syndromes. The main central nervous system (CNS) complications of commonly used agents are the subject of this chapter. As life expectancy increases in cancer patients and more complex regimens including innovative targeted therapies are developed, new toxicity profiles are emerging. To be able to provide early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment remains a difficult but important challenge since these complications may severely affect quality of life in patients who are cured of their cancer.

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Abbreviations

AIDS:

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Ara-C:

Cytarabine

CNS:

Central nervous system

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

CVST:

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

EEG:

Electroencephalography

GVHD:

Graft-versus-host disease

HSCT:

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

IRIS:

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

IT:

Intrathecal

IV:

Intravenous

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MTX:

Methotrexate

PML:

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

PRES:

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, 47 Bd de l’hôpital, Paris, 75013, France

    Dimitri Psimaras & J. Y. Delattre

  2. Centre OncoNeuroTox, Paris, France

    Dimitri Psimaras, D. Leclercq, D. Ricard & J. Y. Delattre

  3. UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, UM 75, U 1127, UMR 7225, ICM, Sorbonne Universités, Sorbonne Universités, F-75013, Paris, France

    Dimitri Psimaras, D. Leclercq, D. Ricard & J. Y. Delattre

  4. Service de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Salpêtrière, Paris, France

    D. Leclercq

  5. Service de Neurologie, Hôpital d’instruction des armées du Val-de-Grâce, Service de Santé des Armées, Paris, France

    D. Ricard

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  1. Dimitri Psimaras
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Correspondence to Dimitri Psimaras .

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  1. Dept. of Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Hans-Ulrich Kauczor

  2. Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany

    Tobias Bäuerle

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Psimaras, D., Leclercq, D., Ricard, D., Delattre, J.Y. (2014). Central Nervous System Complications in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy. In: Kauczor, HU., Bäuerle, T. (eds) Imaging of Complications and Toxicity following Tumor Therapy. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2014_1050

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2014_1050

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