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Twin and Triplet Drugs in Opioid Research

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Chemistry of Opioids

Part of the book series: Topics in Current Chemistry ((TOPCURRCHEM,volume 299))

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Notes

  1. 1.

    It is generally accepted that the rate of a reaction doubles with increase in temperature of 10 °C. Therefore, the rate of hydrolysis of the twin drugs at 25 °C (incubating temperature applied in in vitro assays) is predicted to be approximately one-half of that at 37 °C.

  2. 2.

    The authors proposed that MDAN-21 (46b) having a longer spacer could bridge the μ and δ receptors in multiple modes and that binding by MDAN-19 (46a) with a shorter linker would be less efficient than that by MDAN-21 (46b). As a result, the acute analgesic potency of 46a would be affected by treatment with NTI.

Abbreviations

A:

Adenosine

ADME:

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

β-FNA:

β-Funaltrexamine

BNTX:

7-Benzylidenenaltrexone

BRET:

Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer

CBM:

Cyclobutylmethyl

CCK:

Cholecystokinin

COS:

CV-1 origin SV40 cell

CPM:

Cyclopropylmethyl

CPP:

Conditioned place preference

DAMGO:

[d-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly-ol]enkephalin

DCC:

Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide

DML:

Designed multiple ligand

Dmt:

2′,6′-Dimethyltyrosine

DPDPE:

Cyclic[d-Pen2, d-Pen5]enkephalin

EC50 :

50% Effective concentration

ED50 :

50% Effective dose

EDC:

1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide

Emax :

% Maximal stimulation

GNTI:

Guanidinonaltrindole

GPI:

Guinea pig ileum

GTP:

Guanosine triphosphate

HOBt:

N-Hydroxybenzotriazole

5-HT:

5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)

IBS:

Imidazoline binding site

IC50 :

50% Inhibitory concentration

i.c.v.:

Intracerebroventricular

i.m.:

Intramuscular

Imax :

% Maximal inhibition

i.p.:

Intraperitoneal or intraperitoneally

i.t.:

Intrathecal

i.v.:

Intravenous

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MS 3A:

Molecular sieves 3Ã…

NMM:

N-Methylmorpholine

nor-BNI:

nor-Binaltorphimine

NSAID:

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

NTB:

Naltriben

NTI:

Naltrindole

s.c.:

Subcutaneous

SP:

Substance P

Tic:

1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan

    Hideaki Fujii

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Correspondence to Hideaki Fujii .

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  1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dept. Medicinal Chemistry, Kitasato University, Sirokane 5-9-1, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan

    Hiroshi Nagase

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Fujii, H. (2010). Twin and Triplet Drugs in Opioid Research. In: Nagase, H. (eds) Chemistry of Opioids. Topics in Current Chemistry, vol 299. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/128_2010_76

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