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Transition-Metal-Complexed Catenanes and Rotaxanes in Motion: Towards Molecular Machines

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Molecular Machines

Part of the book series: Topics in Current Chemistry ((TOPCURRCHEM,volume 262))

Abstract

In the course of the last decade, many dynamic molecular systems, for which the movements are controlled from the outside, have been elaborated. These compounds are generally referred to as “molecular machines”. Transition-metal-containing catenanes and rotaxanes are ideally suited to build such systems. In the present review article, we will discuss a few examples of molecular machines elaborated and studied in Strasbourg. In the first section we will discuss an electrochemically driven system, consisting of copper-complexed catenanes and rotaxanes of various types, including a fast-moving pirouetting rotaxane. The second part will be devoted to chemically driven dynamic molecular systems. A porphyrin-stoppered rotaxane, able to undergo a pirouetting motion by metallation or demetallation of the central coordination site, and a linear rotaxane dimer whose behavior is reminiscent of muscles, will be discussed. In both compounds, the mobile component(s) will be set in motion by modifying the central coordination of the molecular assembly. In the rest of this review article, we will mostly focus on light-driven machines, consisting of ruthenium(II)-complexed rotaxanes or catenanes. For these latter systems, the synthetic approach is based on the template effect of an octahedral ruthenium(II) center. Two 1,10-phenanthroline ligands are incorporated in an axis or in a ring, affording the precursor to the rotaxane or the catenane, respectively. Ru(diimine)32+ complexes display the universally used 3MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) excited state and, another interesting excited state, the 3LF (ligand field) state, which is strongly dissociative. By taking advantage of this latter state, it has been possible to propose a new family of molecular machines, which are set in motion by populating the dissociative 3LF state, thus leading to ligand exchange in the coordination sphere of the ruthenium(II) center.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank all the very talented and enthusiastic researchers who participated in the work discussed in the present review article. Their names appear in the references. We would also like to thank the CNRS and the European Commission for their constant financial support.

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  1. Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, UMR 7513 du CNRS, Institut Le Bel, Université Louis Pasteur, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg Cedex, France

    Jean-Paul Collin, Valérie Heitz & Jean-Pierre Sauvage

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  1. Jean-Paul Collin
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  2. Valérie Heitz
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  3. Jean-Pierre Sauvage
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Correspondence to Jean-Pierre Sauvage .

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T. Ross Kelly

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Collin, JP., Heitz, V., Sauvage, JP. Transition-Metal-Complexed Catenanes and Rotaxanes in Motion: Towards Molecular Machines. In: Kelly, T.R. (eds) Molecular Machines. Topics in Current Chemistry, vol 262. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/128_015

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