Conclusions
This review highlights the current knowledge of the alterations that occur in cancer and that involve integrins and integrin-activated pathways. Integrins are cell surface receptors for ECM proteins that mediate a variety of functions related to cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Although the specific functions of integrins and their ligands in cancer need to be further investigated, recent publicationsoutlining their expression pave the way for future investigations describing integrin functional alterations and the signaling pathways involved in cancer progression. Similarly, changes in integrin affinity, avidity, or activation state are likely to control cell-ECM interaction; additional investigations on these topics will help understanding the role of integrins in cancer. Future research will focus on functional correlates, combining general knowledge of integrins and integrin signaling with an increasing appreciation for the role of the ECM in cancer progression. Integrins and their downstream signaling effectors appear to be promising targets for cancer therapy.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Hynes, R.O. 2002. Integrins: bidirectional, allosteric signaling machines. Cell 110:673–687.
Hemler, M.E., Weitzman, J.B., Pasqualini, R., Kawaguchi, S., Kassner, P.D., and Berdichevsky, F.B. 1995. Structure, Biochemical Properties, and Biological Functions of Integrin Cytoplasmic Domains. In Integrins: The Biological Problems. Y. Takada, editor. Boca Raton: CRC Press Inc. 1–35.
Ruoslahti, E. 1997. Integrins as signaling molecules and targets for tumor therapy. Kidney International 51:1413–1417.
Zheng, D.Q., Woodard, A.S., Tallini, G., and Languino, L.R. 2000. Substrate specificity of α v β 3 integrin-mediated cell migration and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway activation. J. Biol. Chem. 275:24565–24574.
Fornaro, M., and Languino, L.R. 1997. Alternatively spliced variants: a new view of the integrin cytoplasmic domain. Matrix Biology 16:185–193.
Williams, M.J., Hughes, P.E., O’Toole, T.E., and Ginsberg, M.H. 1994. The inner world of cell adhesion: integrin cytoplasmic domains. Trends in Cell Biol. 4:109–112.
Vidal, F., Aberdam, D., Miquel, C., Christiano, A.M., Pulkkinen, L., Uitto, J., Ortonne, J.-P., and Meneguzzi, G. 1995. Integrin β4 mutations associated with junctional epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia. Nature Genetics 10:229-234.
Fornaro, M., Steger, C.A., Bennett, A.M., Wu, J.J., and Languino, L.R. 2000. Differential role of β1C and β1A integrin cytoplasmic variants in modulating focal adhesion kinase, protein kinase B/AKT, and Ras/Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Mol. Biol. Cell 11:2235–2249.
Bottazzi, M.E., and Assoian, R.K. 1997. The extracellular matrix and mitogenic growth factors control G1 phase cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Trends in Cell Biology 7:348–352.
Frisch, S.M., and Ruoslahti, E. 1997. Integrins and anoikis. Current Op. Cell Biol. 9:701–706.
Schwartz, M.A., Schaller, M.D., and Ginsberg, M.H. 1995. Integrins: emerging paradigms of signal transduction. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Bio. 11:549–599.
Chen, Q., Kinch, M.S., Lin, T.H., Burridge, K., and Juliano, R.L. 1994. Integrin-mediated cell adhesion activates mitogen-activated protein kinases. J. Biol. Chem. 269:26602–26605.
Zhu, X., and Assoian, R.K. 1995. Integrin-dependent activation of MAP kinase: a link to shape-dependent cell proliferation. Mol. Biol. Cell 6:273–282.
Clark, E., and Hynes, R. 1996. Ras activation is necesary for integrin-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 and cytosolic phospholipase A2 but not for cytoskeletal organization. J. Biol. Chem. 271:14814–14818.
Fang, F., Orend, G., Watanabe, N., Hunter, T., and Ruoslahti, E. 1996. Dependence of cyclin E-CDK2 kinase activity on cell anchorage. Science (Wash. D.C.) 271:499–502.
Fornaro, M., Tallini, G., Zheng, D.Q., Flanagan, W.M., Manzotti, M., and Languino, L.R. 1999. p27kip1 acts as a downstream effector of and is coexpressed with the β1C integrin in prostatic adenocarcinoma. J. Clin. Invest. 103:321–329.
Varner, J.A., Emerson, D.A., and Juliano, R.L. 1995. Integrin αSβ1 expression negatively regulates cell growth: reversal by attachment to fibronectin. Mol. Biol. Cell 6:725–740.
Manes, T., Zheng, D.Q., Tognin, S., Woodard, A.S., Marchisio, P.C., and Languino, L.R. 2003. alphavbeta3 integrin expression up-regulates cdc2, which modulates cell migration. J. Cell Biol. 161:817–826.
Fornaro, M., Plescia, J., Chheang, S., Tallini, G., Zhu, Y.-M., King, M., Altieri, D.C., and Languino, L.R. 2003. Fibronectin protects prostate cancer cells from tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis via the AKT/Survivin pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 278:50402–50411.
Hemler, M., Mannion, B., and Berditchevski, F. 1996. Association of TM4SF proteins with integrins: relevance to cancer. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1287:67–71.
Guan, J.L., Trevithick, J.E., and Hynes, R.O. 1991. Fibronectin/integrin interaction induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a 120 kDa protein. Cell Regul. 2:951.
Kornberg, L., Earp, H., Turner, C., Prockop, C., and Juliano, R. 1991. Signal transduction by integrins: increased protein tyrosine phosphorylation caused by clustering in β1 integrins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 88:8392–8396.
Schaller, M.D. 2001. Biochemical signals and biological responses elicited by the focal adhesion kinase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1540:1–21.
Ilic, D., Furuta, Y., Kanazawa, S., Takeda, N., Sobue, K., Nakatsuji, N., Nomura, S., Fujimoto, J., Okada, M., Yamamoto, T., et al. 1995. Reduced cell motility and enhanced focal adhesion contact formation in cells from FAK-deficient mice. Nature 377:539–543.
Ilic, D., Kanazawa, S., Furuta, Y., Yamamoto, T., and Aizawa, S. 1996. Impairment of mobility in endodermal cells by FAK deficiency. Exp. Cell Res. 222:298–303.
Zheng, D.Q., Woodard, A.S., Fornaro, M., Tallini, G., and Languino, L.R. 1999. Prostatic carcinoma cell migration via αvβ3 integrin is modulated by a focal adhesion kinase pathway. Cancer Research 59:1655–1664.
Cary, L.A., Chang, J.F., and Guan, J.-L. 1996. Stimulation of cell migration by overexpression of focal adhesionkinase and its association with Src and Fyn. J. Cell Sci. 109:1787–1794.
Gilmore, A., and Romer, H. 1996. Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling in focal adhesions decreases cell motility and proliferation. Mol. Biol. Cell 7:1209–1224.
Tremblay, L., Hauck, W., Aprikian, A.G., Begin, L.R., Chapdelaine, A., and Chevalier, S. 1996. Focal adhesion kinase pp125AK expression, activation and association with paxillin and p50CSK in human metastatic prostate carcinoma. Int. J. Cancer 68:164–171.
Stanzione, R., Picascia, A., Chieffi, P., Imbimbo, C., Palmieri, A., Mirone, V., Staibano, S., Franco, R., De Rosa, G., Schlessinger, J., et al. 2001. Variations of proline-rich kinase Pyk2 expression correlate with prostate cancer progression. Lab. Invest. 81:51–59.
Sieg, D.J., Hauck, C.R., and Schlaepfer, D.D. 1999. Required role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) for integrin-stimulated cell migration. J. Cell Sci. 112:2677–2691.
Klinghoffer, R.A., Sachsenmaier, C., Cooper, J.A., and Soriano, P. 1999. Src family kinases are required for integrin but not PDGFR signal transduction. EMBO J. 18:2459–2471.
Slack, J.K., Adams, R.B., Rovin, J.D., Bissonette, E.A., Stoker, C.E., and Parsons, J.T. 2001. Alterations in the focal adhesion kinase/Src signal transduction pathway correlate with increased migratory capacity of prostate carcinoma cells. Oncogene 20:1152–1163.
Rameh, L.E., and Cantley, L.C. 1999. The role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase lipid products in cell function. J. Biol. Chem. 274:8347–8350.
Jiang, B.H., Aoki, M., Zheng, J.Z., Li, J., and Vogt, P.K. 1999. Myogenic signaling of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase requires the serine-threonine kinase Akt/protein kinase B. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:2077–2081.
Morales-Ruiz, M., Fulton, D., Sowa, G., Languino, L.R., Fujio, Y., Walsh, K., and Sessa, W.C. 2000. Vascular endothelial growth factor-stimulated actin reorganization and migration of endothelial cells is regulated via the serine/threonine kinase Akt. Circ. Res. 86:892–896.
Khwaja, A., Rodriguez-Viciana, P., Wennstrom, S., Warne, P.H., and Downward, J. 1997. Matrix adhesion and Ras transformation both activate a phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase and protein kinase B/Akt cellular survival pathway. EMBO J. 16:2783–2793.
King, W.G., Mattaliano, M.D., Chan, T.O., Tsichlis, P.N., and Brugge, J.S. 1997. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is required for integrin-stimulated AKT and Raf-1/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:4406–4418.
Chen, H.-C., and Guan, J.-L. 1994. Association of focal adhesion kinase with its potential substrate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91:10148–10152.
Downward, J. 1998. Mechanisms and consequences of activation of protein kinase B/Akt. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 10:262–267.
Sun, M., Wang, G., Paciga, J.E., Feldman, R.I., Yuan, Z.Q., Ma, X.L., Shelley, S.A., Jove, R., Tsichlis, P.N., Nicosia, S.V., et al. 2001. AKT1/PKBalpha kinase is frequently elevated in human cancers and its constitutive activation is required for oncogenic transformation in NIH3T3 cells. Am. J. Pathol. 159:431–437.
Paweletz, C.P., Charboneau, L., Bichsel, V.E., Simone, N.L., Chen, T., Gillespie, J.W., Emmert-Buck, M.R., Roth, M.J., Petricoin, I.E., and Liotta, L.A. 2001. Reverse phase protein microarrays which capture disease progression show activation of pro-survival pathways at the cancer invasion front. Oncogene 20:1981–1989.
Mercurio, A.M., Rabinovitz, I., and Shaw, L.M. 2001. The α6β4 integrin and epithelial cell migration. Current Opin. Cell Biol. 13:541–545.
Maehama, T., and Dixon, J.E. 1999. PTEN: a tumour suppressor that functions as a phospholipid phosphatase. Trends Cell Biol. 9:125–128.
Tamura, M., Gu, J., Tran, H., and Yamada, K.M. 1999. PTEN gene and integrin signaling in cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 91:1820–1828.
Tamura, M., Gu, J., Matsumoto, K., Aota, S., Parsons, R., and Yamada, K.M. 1998. Inhibition of cell migration, spreading and focal adhesions by tumor suppressor PTEN. Science 280:1614–1617.
Li, J., Yen, C, Liaw, D., Podsypanina, K., Bose, S., Wang, S.I., Puc, J., Miliaresis, C., Rodgers, L., McCombie, R., et al. 1997. PTEN, a putative protein tyrosine phosphatase gene mutated in human brain, breast, and prostate cancer. Science 275:1943–1947.
Steck, P.A., Pershouse, M.A., Jasser, S.A., Yung, W.K., Lin, H., Ligon, A.H., Langford, L.A., Baumgard, M.L., Hattier, T., Davis, T., et al. 1997. Identification of a candidate tumour suppressor gene, MMAC1, at chromosome 10q23.3 that is mutated in multiple advanced cancers. Nature Genet. 15:356–362.
Cairns, P., Okami, K., Halachmi, S., Halachmi, N., Esteller, M., Herman, J.G., Jen, J., Isaacs, W.B., Bova, G.S., and Sidransky, D. 1997. Frequent inactivation of PTEN/MMAC1 in primary prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 57:4997–5000.
Suzuki, H., Freije, D., Nusskern, D.R., Okami, K., Cairns, P., Sidransky, D., Isaacs, W.B., and Bova, G.S. 1998. Interfocal heterogeneity of PTEN/MMAC1 gene alterations in multiple metastatic prostate cancer tissues. Cancer Res. 58:204–209.
Teng, D.H., Hu, R., Lin, H., Davis, T., Iliev, D., Frye, C., Swedlund, B., Hansen, K.L., Vinson, V.L., Gumpper, K.L., et al. 1997. MMAC1/PTEN mutations in primary tumor specimens and tumor cell lines. Cancer Res. 57:5221–5225.
Vlietstra, R.J., van Alewijk, D.C.J.G., Hermans, K.G.L., van Steenbrugge, G.J., and Trapman, J. 1998. Frequent inactivation of PTEN in prostate cancer cell lines and xenografts. Cancer Res. 58:2720–2723.
McMenamin, M.E., Soung, P., Perera, S., Kaplan, I., Loda, M., and Sellers, W.R. 1999. Loss of PTEN expression in paraffin-embedded primary prostate cancer correlates with high Gleason score and advanced stage. Cancer Res. 59:4291–4296.
Campbell, S.L., Khosravi-Far, R., Rossman, K.L., Clark, G.J., and Der, C.J. 1998. Increasing complexity of Ras signaling. Oncogene 17:1395–1413.
Robinson, M.J., and Cobb, M.H. 1997. Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Current Opinion in Cell Biology 9:180–186.
Chang, L., and Karin, M. 2001. Mammalian MAP kinase signalling cascades. Nature 410:37–40.
Mainiero, F., Murgia, C., Wary, K.K., Curatola, A.M., Pepe, A., Blumemberg, M., Westwick, J.K., Der, C.J., and Giancotti, F.G. 1997. The coupling of α6β4 integrin to Ras-MAP kinase pathways mediated by Shc controls keratinocyte proliferation. EMBO J. 16:2365–2375.
Schlaepfer, D.D., and Hunter, T. 1998. Integrin signalling and tyrosine phosphorylation: just the FAKs? Trends Cell Biol. 8:151–157.
Howe, A., Aplin, A.E., Alahari, S.K., and Juliano, R.L. 1998. Integrin signaling and cell growth control. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 10:220–231.
Schwartz, M.A., and Assoian, R.K. 2001. Integrins and cell proliferation: regulation of cyclin-dependent kinases via cytoplasmic signaling pathways. J. Cell Sci. 114:2553–2560.
Sastry, S.K., Lakonishok, M., Wu, S., Truong, T.Q., Huttenlocher, A., Turner, C.E., and Horwitz, A.F. 1999. Quantitative changes in integrin and focal adhesion signaling regulate myoblast cell cycle withdrawal. J. Cell Biol. 144:1295–1309.
Gu, J., Tamura, M., Pankov, R., Danen, E.H., Takino, T., Matsumoto, K., and Yamada, K.M. 1999. Shc and FAK differentially regulate cell motility and directionality modulated by PTEN. J. Cell Biol. 146:389–403.
Cheresh, D.A., Leng, J., and Klemke, R.L. 1999. Regulation of cell contraction and membrane ruffling by distinct signals in migratory cells. J. Cell Biol. 146:1107–1116.
Frisch, S.M., and Screaton, R.A. 2001. Anoikis mechanisms. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 13:555–562.
Le Gall, M., Chambard, J.C., Breittmayer, J.P., Grall, D., Pouyssegur, J., and Van Obberghen-Schilling, E. 2000. The p42/p44 MAP kinase pathway prevents apoptosis induced by anchorage and serum removal. Mol. Biol. Cell 11:1103–1112.
Rosen, K., Rak, J., Leung, T., Dean, N.M., Kerbel, R.S., and Filmus, J. 2000. Activated Ras prevents downregulation of Bcl-X(L) triggered by detachment from the extracellular matrix. A mechanism of Ras-induced resistance to anoikis in intestinal epithelial cells. J. Cell Biol. 149:447–456.
Cho, S.Y., and Klemke, R.L. 2000. Extracellular-regulated kinase activation and CAS/Crk coupling regulate cell migration and suppress apoptosis during invasion of the extracellular matrix. J. Cell Biol. 149:223–236.
Gioeli, D., Mandell, J.W., Petroni, G.R., Frierson, H.F., Jr., and Weber, M.J. 1999. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase associated with prostate cancer progression. Cancer Res. 59:279–284.
Magi-Galluzzi, C., Mishra, R., Fiorentino, M., Montironi, R., Yao, H., Capodieci, P., Wishnow, K., Kaplan, I., Stork, P.J., and Loda, M. 1997. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 is overexpressed in prostate cancers and is inversely related to apoptosis. Lab. Invest. 76:37–51.
Price, D.T., Rocca, G.D., Guo, C., Ballo, M.S., Schwinn, D.A., and Luttrell, L.M. 1999. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in human prostate cancer. J. Urol. 162:1537–1542.
Augustus, M., Moul, J.W., and Srivastava, S. 1999. The molecular phenotype of the malignant prostate. Washington, DC: IOS Press. 321–340 pp.
Parise, L.V., Lee, J., and Juliano, R.L. 2000. New aspects of integrin signaling in cancer. Semin. Cancer Biol. 10:407–414.
Vaux, D.L., Cory, S., and Adams, J.M. 1988. Bcl-2 gene promotes haemopoietic cell survival and cooperates with c-myc to immortalize pre-B cells. Nature 335:440–442.
Reed, J.C. 2000. Mechanisms of apoptosis. Am. J. Pathol. 157:1415–1430.
ang, Z., Vuori, K., Reed, J.C., and Ruoslahti, E. 1995. The α5β1 integrin supports survival of cells on fibronectin and up-regulates Bcl-2 expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:6161–6165.
Matter, M.L., and Ruoslahti, E. 2001. A signaling pathway from the α5β1 and αVβ3 integrins that elevates bcl-2 transcription. J. Biol. Chem. 276:27757–27763.
Bruckheimer, E.M., Gjertsen, B.T., and McDonnell, T.J. 1999. Implications of cell death regulation in the pathogenesis and treatment of prostate cancer. Semin. Oncol. 26:382–398.
Colombel, M., Symmans, F., Gil, S., O’Toole, K.M., Chopin, D., Benson, M., Olsson, C.A., Korsmeyer, S., and Buttyan, R. 1993. Detection of the apoptosis-suppressing oncoprotein bcl-2 in hormone-refractory human prostate cancers. Am. J. Pathol. 143:390–400.
Del Bufalo, D., Biroccio, A., Leonetti, C., and Zupi, G. 1997. Bcl-2 overexpression enhances the metastatic potential of a human breast cancer line. Faseb J. 11:947–953.
Eliceiri, B.P. 2001. Integrin and growth factor receptor crosstalk. Circ. Res. 89:1104–1110.
Comoglio, P.M., Boccaccio, C., and Trusolino, L. 2003. Interactions between growth factor receptors and adhesion molecules: breaking the rules. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 15:565–571.
Goel, H.L., and Dey, C.S. 2002. PKC-regulated myogenesis is associated with increased tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK, Cas, and paxillin, formation of Cas-CRK complex, and JNK activation. Differentiation 70:257–271.
Howe, A.K., Aplin, A.E., and Juliano, R.L. 2002. Anchorage-dependent ERK signaling — mechanisms and consequences. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 12:30–35.
Yamada, K.M., and Even-Ram, S. 2002. Integrin regulation of growth factor receptors. Nat. Cell Biol. 4:E75–E76.
Sieg, D.J., Hauck, C.R., Ilic, D., Klingbeil, C.K., Schaefer, E., Damsky, C.H., and Schlaepfer, D.D. 2000. FAK integrates growth-factor and integrin signals to promote cell migration. Nat. Cell Biol. 2:249–256.
Baron, V., Calleja, V., Ferrari, P., Alengrin, F., and Van Obberghen, E. 1998. p125Fak focal adhesion kinase is a substrate for the insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I tyrosine kinase receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 273:7162–7168.
Goel, H.L., and Dey, C.S. 2002. Insulin stimulates spreading of skeletal muscle cells involving the activation of focal adhesion kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and extracellular signal regulated kinases. J. Cell. Physiol. 193:187–198.
Guvakova, M.A., and Surmacz, E. 1999. The activated insulin-like growth factor I receptor induces depolarization in breast epithelial cells characterized by actin filament disassembly and tyrosine dephosphorylation of FAK, Cas, and paxillin. Exp. Cell. Res. 251:244–255.
Tai, Y.T., Podar, K., Catley, L., Tseng, Y.H., Akiyama, M., Shringarpure, R., Burger, R., Hideshima, T., Chauhan, D., Mitsiades, N., et al. 2003. Insulin-like growth factor-1 induces adhesion and migration in human multiple myeloma cells via activation of β1-integrin and phosphatidylinositol 3’-kinase/AKT signaling. Cancer Res. 63:5850–5858.
Zheng, B., and Clemmons, D.R. 1998. Blocking ligand occupancy of the αVβ3 integrin inhibits insulin-like growth factor I signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:11217–11222.
Clemmons, D.R., and Maile, L.A. 2003. Minireview: Integral membrane proteins that function coordinately with the insulin-like growth factor I receptor to regulate intracellular signaling. Endocrinology 144:1664–1670.
Jones, J.I., Prevette, R.T., Gockerman, A., and Clemmons, D.R. 1996. Ligand occupancy of the αVβ3 integrin is necessary for smooth muscle cells to migrate in response to insulin-like growth factor I. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:2482–2487.
Maile, L.A., and Clemmons, D.R. 2002. The αVβ3 integrin regulates insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptor phosphorylation by altering the rate of recruitment of the Srchomology 2-containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase-2 to the activated IGF-I receptor Endocrinology 143:4259–4264.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Goel, H.L., Languino, L.R. (2004). Integrin Signaling in Cancer. In: Kumar, R. (eds) Molecular Targeting and Signal Transduction. Cancer Treatment and Research, vol 119. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-7847-1_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-7847-1_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-7822-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-7847-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive