This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Acuña, C. (1891). Nuevo Descubrimiento del gran Río de las Amazonas. Colleción de Libros que tratan de America Rarso y Curiosos 2. Madrid.
Allegretti, M.H. (1990). Extractives reserves: an alternative for reconciling development and environmental conservation in Amazônia. In A. Anderson (Ed.). Alternatives to Deforestation: Steps Toward Sustainable Use of the Amazon Rain Forest (pp. 252–264). New York: Columbia University Press.
Andrade, A. (1986). Investigaciones Arqueológica de los Antrosoles de Araracuara. Fundación de Investigaciones Arqueológicas Nacionales, Banco de la República, Bogotá.
Andrade, A. (1988). Desarrollo de los sistemas agrícolas tradicionales en la Amazonia. Boletín del Museo del Oro, 21, 39–59.
Andrade, A. (1990). Sistemas agrícolas tradicionales en el medio Río Caquetá. In F. Correa (Ed.), La Selva Humanizada: Ecología Alternativa en el Trópico Húmedo Colombiano (pp. 59–81). Instituto Colombiano de Antropología, Fondo FEN Colombia and Fondo Editorial CEREC.
Balée, W.L. (1987). Cultural forest of the Amazon. Garden, 11, 12–32.
Balée, W.L. (1988). Indigenous adaptation to Amazonian palm forests. Principles, 32, 47–54.
Balée, W.L. (1989). The culture of Amazonian forest. In D.A. Posey, & W.L. Balee (Eds.), Resources Management in Amazonia: Indigenous and Folk Strategies (pp. 1–21). Advances in Economic Botany, 7. Bronx, New York: The New York Botanical Garden.
Balée, W.L. (1992). People of the fallow: A historical ecology of foraging in lowland South America. In K.H. Redford, & C.J. Padoch (Eds.), Conservation of Neotropical Forest (pp. 35–57). New York: Columbia University Press.
Balée, W.L. (2000). Family and time. Ethnohistory, 47, 399–422.
Balée, W.L., & Gely, A. (1989). Managed forest succession in Amazonia: The Ka’apor Case. In D.A. Posey, & W.L. Balee (Eds.), Resources Management in Amazonia: Indigenous and Folk Strategies (pp. 129–159). Advances in Economic Botany, 7. Bronx, New York: The New York Botanical Garden.
Beckerman, S. (1979). The abundance of protein in Amazonia: a reply to Gross. American Anthropologist, 81, 533–560.
Bodmer, R.E. (2001). Uso Sustentable de los Ungulados Amazónicos: Implicaciones para las áreas Protegidas Comunales. In M. Hiraoka, & S. Mora (Eds.), Desarrollo Sostenible en la Amazonía Mito o realidad? (pp. 155–164). Quito Ecuador: Editorial Abya-Yala.
Cavelier, I., Santiago, M., & Herrera, L.F. (1990). Estabilidad y Dinámica Agrícola: las Transformaciones de una Sociedad Amazónica. In S. Mora (Ed.), Ingenierias Prehispánicas (pp. 73–109). Fondo FEN Colombia, Instituto Colombiano de Antropología.
Cavelier, I., Rodríguez, C., Herrera, L.F., & Santiago, M. (1991a). Suelos Antropogénicos: Alternativa de Producción Amazonica. Informe final entregado al Fondo FEN, para la protección del medio ambiente. Fundación Erigaie manuscrito. Bogotá.
Colchester, M. (1990). The international tropical timber organization: kill or cure for the rainforest. The Ecologist, 20, 166–173.
Denevan, W. (1970). The Aboriginal population of western Amazonia in relation to habitat and subsistence. Revista Geográfica, 72, 61–86.
Denevan, W. (1976). The aboriginal population of Amazonia. In W. Denevan (Ed.), The Native Population of the Americas in 1492 (pp. 105–234). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Denevan, W. (1992). Native American populations in 1492: recent research and a revised hemispheric estimate. In W. Denevan (Ed.), The Native Population of the Americas in 1492, 2nd edition (pp. xvii–xxxviii). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Denevan, W. (1996). A bluff model of riverine settlement in prehistoric Amazonia. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 86, 654–681.
Dominguez, C. (1985). Amazonia Colombiana. Visión General. Bogotá: Biblioteca del Banco Popular.
Duivenvoorden, J., & Lips, J.M. (1993). Ecología del Paisaje del Medio Caqueta. Estudios en la Amazonia Colombiana. Colombia: Tropen Bos.
Duivenvoorden, J., & Cleef, A.M. (1994). Amazonian savanna vegetation on the sandstone plateau near Araracuara, Colombia. Phytocoenologia, 24, 197–232.
Earle, T. (1997). How Chiefs Come to Power. The Political Economy in Prehistory. California: Stanford University Press.
Eden, M., & Andrade, A. (1987). Ecological aspects of swidden cultivation among the Andoke and Witoto Indians of the Colombian Amazon. Human Ecology, 15, 339–359.
Eden, M., Bray, W., Herrera, L., & McEwan, C. (1984). Terra preta soils and their archaeological context in the Caquetá Basin of southwest Colombia. American Antiquity, 49, 125–140.
Erickson, C. (2001). Pre-Columbian roads of the Amazon. Expedition 43, 21–30.
Fearnside, P.M. (1987). Rethinking continuous cultivation in Amazonia. Bioscience, 37, 209–213.
Goldman, I. (1970). The Ancient Polynesian Society. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Goldman, I. (1975). The Mouth of Haven: An Introduction to Kwakiutl Religious Thought. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Gross, D.R. (1975). Protein capture and cultural development in the Amazon Basin. American Anthropologist, 77, 526–549.
Gross, D.R. (1982). Proteina y Cultura en la Amazonia: una Segunda Revisión. Amazonia Peruana, 3, 127–143.
Hames, R.B., & Vickers, W.T. (1983). Introduction. In R.B. Hames, & W.T. Vickers (Eds.), Adaptive Responses of Native Amazonians (pp. 1–26). Academic Press.
Heckenberger, M. (1996). War and Peace in the Shadow of Empire: Sociopolitical Change in the Upper Xingu of Southeastern Amazonia, A.D. 1400–2000. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Pittsburgh.
Heckenberger, M. (1998). Manioc agriculture and sedentism in Amazonia: the upper Xingu example. Antiquity, 72, 633–648.
Heckenberger, M., Petersen, J.B., & Neves, E.G. (1999). Village size and permanence in Amazônia: two archaeological examples from Brazil. Latin American Antiquity, 10, 353–376.
Helms, M/W. (1998). Access to Origins. Affines Ancestors and Aristocrats. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Herrera, L. (1981). Relaciones entre ocupaciones prehispánicas y suelos negros en la cuenca del Río Caquetá en Colombia. Revista Ciaf, 6, 225–242.
Herrera, L. (1987). A puntes sobre el estado de la investigación arqueológica en la Amazonia Colombiana. Boletín de Antropología, 6, 21–61.
Herrera, L., Bray, W., & McEwan, C. (1980–1981). Datos Sobre la arqueología de Araracuara (Comisaria del Amazonas, Colombia). Revista Colombiana de Antropología, 23, 183–251.
Herrera, L.F., Cavelier, I., Rodríguez, C., & Mora, S. (1989). Los Alfareros de la Amazonia, el Caso de Araracuara. In S. Mora, F. Cardenas, & M. Roldan (Eds.), Memorias del V Congreso de Antropología (pp. 183–220). Instituto Colombiano de Antropología, ICFES.
Herrera, L.F. (1992). The technical transformation of an agricultural system in the Colombian Amazon. World Archaeology, 24, 98–113.
Herrera, L.F., Mora, S., & Cavalier, I. (1988). Araracuara: selección y tecnología en el primer milenio A.D. Colombia Amazónica, 3, 75–87.
Herrera, L., & Urrego, L.E. (1996). Atlas de Polen de Plantas Útiles y Cultivadas de la Amazonia Colombiana. Colombia: TropenBos, Fundación Erigaie.
Holdrige, L.R., Grenke, W.C., Hatway, W.H., Liang, T., & Tosi, F.A. (1971). Forest Environments in Tropical Life Zones, a Pilot Study. Oxford: Pergamon.
Kämpf, N., Woods, W.I., Sombroek, W., Kern, D.C., & Cunha, T.J.F. (2003). Classification of Amazonian Dark Earths and other ancient anthropic soils. In J. Lehmann, D.C. Kern, B. Glaser, & W. Woods (Eds.), Amazonian Dark Earths: Origin, Properties, Management (pp. 77–102). The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Kern, D.C., D’Aquino, G., Rodrigues, T.E., Frasão, F.J.L., Sombroek, W., Myers, T.P., & Neves, E.G. (2003). Distribution of Amazonian Dark Earths in the Brazilian Amazon. In J. Lehmann, D.C. Kern, B. Glaser, & W. Woods (Eds.), Amazonian Dark Earths: Origin, Properties, Management (pp. 51–75). The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Kirch, P. & Green, R.C. (2001). Hawaiki, Ancestral Polynesia. An Essay in Historical Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Koch-Grunberg, T. (1995). Dos Años Entre los Indios. Bogota: Editorial Universidad Nacional, vols I y II. Santafe de Bogotá.
LaRotta, C. (1982). Observaciones etnobotánicas de la comunidad andoque de la Amazonia Colombiana. Colombia Amazónica, 1, 53–67.
LaRotta, C. (1989). Especies Utilizadas por la Comunidad Miraña. Bogotá: Fondo para la Protección del Medio Ambiente “José Celestino Mutis”. FEN-Colombia.
Lathrap, D.W. (1970). The Upper Amazon. New York: Praeser.
Martins, P. F. da S., Cerri, C.C., & Volkoff, B. (1991). Consequences of clearing and tillage on the soil of a natural Amazonian ecosystem. Forest Ecology and Management, 83, 273–282.
Meggers, B. (1954). Environmental limitation on the development of culture. American Anthropologist, 56, 801–824.
Meggers, B. (1957). Environment and culture in the Amazon basin: an app.raisal of the theory of environmental determinism. In Studies in Human Ecology (pp.71–89). Social Science Monographs. No 3 Washington DC: Panamerican Union.
Meggers, B. (1971) Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise. Chicago: Aldine.
Meggers, B. & Clifford, E. (1961). An experimental formulation of horizon styles in the tropical forest area of South America. In S. Lothrop (Ed.), Essays in Pre-columbian Art and Archaeology (pp. 372–388). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Mora, S. (1993). Cold and hot, green and yellow, dry and wet: direct access to resources in Amazônia and the Andes. Florida Journal of Anthropology, 18, 51–60.
Mora, S., Herrera, L.F., Cavelier, I., & Rodríguez, C. (1991). Cultivars, Anthropic Soils and Stability. A Preliminary Report of Archaeological Research in Araracuara, Colombian Amazonia. University of Pittsburgh Latin American Archaeology Reports No 2.
Morcote, G. (1994). tudio Paleoetnobotánico en un Yacimiento Precerámico del Medio Río Caquetá, Amazonía Colombiana. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Columbia, Bogotá.
Myers, N. (1992a). The Primary Source. Tropical forest and Our Future. New York: W.W. Norton and Company.
Myers, T.P. (1992b). Agricultural limitations of the Amazon in theory and practice. World Archaeology, 24, 82–97.
Neves, E.G., Peterson, J.B., Bartone, R.N., & da Silva, C.A. (2003). Historical and socio-cultural origins of Amazonian Dark Earths. In J. Lehmann, D.C. Kern, B. Glaser, & W.I. Woods (Eds.), Amazonian Dark Earths: Origin, Properties, Management (pp. 29–49). The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Orton, J. (1875). The Andes and the Amazon or Across the Continent of South America. New York: Harper and Brothers, Publishers.
Paez, R. (1990). Efecto del Liter (Capa de Hojarasca) y los Fangos Aluviales en el Nivel de Fertilidad de un Suelo Disturbado de la Amazonia Colombiana. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Jorge Tadeo Lozado. Bogotá.
Pearsall, D.M. (1989). Paleoethnobotany: A Handbook of Procedures. New York: Academic Press.
Pearsall, D.M. (1995). “Doing” Paleothnobotany in the tropical lowlands: adaptation and innovation in methodology. In P.W. Stahl (Ed.), Archaeology in the Lowland American Tropics. Current Analytical Methods and Recent Applications (pp. 113–129). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Proradam. (1979). La Amazonia Colombiana y sus Recurso. Proyecto Radargramétrico del Amazonas. Bogotá: Republica de Colombia.
Porro, A. (1994). Social Organization and political power in the Amazon floodplain: the ethnohistorical sources. In A. Roosevelt (Ed.), Amazonian Indians: From Prehistory to the Present (pp. 79–94). Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
Posey, D.A. (1984). Keepers of the Campo. Garden, 8, 8–12.
Posey, D.A. (1985). Indigenous management of tropical forest ecosystems: the case of the Kayapo Indians of the Brazilian Amazon. Agroforestry Systems, 3, 139–158.
Posey, D.A. (1992). Traditional Knowledge, Conservation, and “the Rain forest Harvest“. In M. Plotkin, & L. Famolare (Eds.), Sustainable Harvest and Marketing of Rain Forest Products (pp. 46–50). Washington DC: Island Press.
Posey, D.A. (1998). Diachronic Ecotones and Anthropogenic Landscapes in Amazonia: Contesting the Consciousness of Conservation. In W. Balée (Ed.), Advances in Historical Ecology (pp. 104–118). New York: Columbia University Press.
Reichel-Dolmatoff, G. (1968). Desana: Simbolismo de los Indios Tukano del Vaupés. Bogotá: Department of Anthropology, University of the Andes.
Reichel-Dolmatoff, G. (1976). Cosmology as ecological analysis: a view from the Rainforest. Man, 11, 307–318.
Reichel-Dolmatoff, G. (1978). Desana animal categories, food restriction, and the concept of color energies. Journal of Latin American Lore, 4, 243–291.
Reichel-Dolmatoff, G. (1985). Tapir avoidance in the Colombian Northwest Amazon. In G. Urton (Ed.), Animal Myths and Metaphors in South America (pp. 107–143). Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
Reichel-Dolmatoff, G. (1996). The Forest Within. The World-View of the Tukano Amazonian Indians. London: Themis Books, Green Books, Fozhole, Dartington, COAMA Programme and Gaia Foundation.
Rival, L. (2002). Trekking Through History. The Huaorani of Amazonian Ecuador. New York: Columbia University Press.
Roosevelt, A. (2000). The lower Amazon. A dynamic human habitat. In D. Lentz (Ed.), Imperfect Balance: Landscape Transformations in the Precolumbian Americas (pp. 455–491). New York: Columbia University Press.
Roosevelt, A. (1999). The Maritime, Highland, forest Dynamic and the Origins of Complex Culture. The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas. Vol III. (pp. 264–349). South America. Cambridge University Press.
Roosevelt, A. (1993). The rise and fall of the Amazon Chiefdoms. ĽHomme, 126–128, 255–283.
Roosevelt, A. (1987). Chiefdoms in the Amazon and Orinoco. In R. Drennan, & C. Uribe (Eds.), Chiefdoms in the Americas (pp. 153–185). University Press of America.
Roosevelt, A. (1980). Parmana: Prehistoric Maize and Manioc Subsistence along the Amazon and Orinoco. New York: Academic Press.
Sahlins, M. (1958). Social Stratification in Polynesia. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Smith, J.H.N. (1980). Anthrosols and human carrying capacity in Amazónia. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 70, 553–566.
Urrego, C., Herrera, L.F., Mora, S., & Cavelier, I. (1995). Informática y Arqueología: Un Modelo para el Manejo de Datos Básicos. Bogotá: Premios Nacionales de Cultura, Colcultura.
Vélez, G., & Vélez, A. (1999). Sistemas agroforestales de las chagras indígenas del medio Caquetá. Bogotá: TropenBos, Colombia.
Vickers, T.W. (1988). Game depletion hypothesis of Amazonian adaptation: data from a native community. Science, 239, 1521–1522.
Vickers, T.W. (1991). Hunting yields and game composition over ten years in an Amazonian Indian territory. In J. Robinson & K.H. Redford (Eds.) Neotropical Wildlife Use and Conservation (pp. 53–81). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Wallace, A.R. (1853). Palms Trees of the Amazon and their Uses. London: John Van Voorst.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mora, S. (2003). Archaeobotanical Methods for the Study of Amazonian Dark Earths. In: Lehmann, J., Kern, D.C., Glaser, B., Wodos, W.I. (eds) Amazonian Dark Earths. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2597-1_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2597-1_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-1839-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-2597-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive