Abstract
When early anthropologists faced the bewildering diversity of peoples reported by Europeans during their age of discovery, scholars explained the behavioral differences in terms of evolutionary schemes that grouped cultures with similar principles of kinship, economic production, or political authority together into broad evolutionary stages. Subsequently, when anthropologists in the United States responded to demands to organize descriptions of hundreds of Native American cultures in some meaningful way, they formulated the “culture area,” a concept that sprang from ethnographic field experience(Kroeber 1939; Wissler 1917). It posited that peoples living in proximity to one another and inhabiting more or less similar environments tended to share many aspects of culture in common. The culture area concept benefited from the best of the ideas about cultural diffusion so popular in European geography, and at the continental level the culture areaapproach reapplied much earlier thinking about cultural evolution.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
REFERENCES
Bennett, Wendell C., 1946, The Andean civilizations. In Handbook of South American Indians, Volume 2, The Andean Civilizations, edited by Julian H. Steward, pp. 1–147. Bulletin 143. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Bennett, Wendell C., editor, 1948a, A Reappraisal of Peruvian Archaeology. Memoir 4. Society for American Archaeology, Menasha, WI.
Bennett, Wendell C., 1948b, The Peruvian co-tradition. In A Reappraisal of Peruvian Archaeology, edited by Wendell C. Bennett, pp. 1–7. Memoir 4. Society for American Archaeology, Menasha, WI.
Bonnell, Victoria E. and Lynn Hunt, editors, 1999, Introduction. In Beyond the Cultural Turn, edited by Victoria E. Bonnell and Lynn Hunt, pp. 1–32. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Fried, Morton H., 1967, The Evolution of Political Society: An Essay in Political Anthropology. Random House, New York.
Geertz, Clifford, 2000, The Interpretation of Cultures. Basic Books, New York. [originally 1973]
Goldstein, Paul S., 1993, Tiwanaku temples and state expansion: a Tiwanaku sunken-court temple in Moquegua, Peru. Latin American Antiquity 4 (1): 22–47.
Hocquenghem, Anne-Marie, 1991, Frontera entre “areas culturales” nor y centroandinas en los valles y la costa del extremo norte peruano. Bulletin de l’Institut Francais d’Etudes Andines 20 (2): 309–348.
Isbell, William H. and Helaine Silverman, 2002, Writing the Andes with a capital ‘A.’ In Andean Archaeology I: Variations on Sociopolitical Organization, edited by William H. Isbell and Helaine Silverman, pp. 371–380. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.
Johnson, Allen W. and Timothy Earle, 1987, The Evolution of Human Societies. From Foraging Group to Agricultural State. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Kroeber, A. L., 1927, Coast and highland in prehistoric Peru. American Anthropologist 29: 625–653.
Kroeber, A. L., 1931, The cultural area and age area concepts of Clark Wissler. In Methods in Social Science, edited by Stuart A. Rice, pp. 248–265. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Lanning, Edward P., 1967, Peru Before the Incas. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
Lathrap, Donald W., 1969, Review of Peru Before the Incas by Edward P. Lanning. American Antiquity 34 (3): 341–345
Lathrap, Donald W., 1970, The Upper Amazon. Thames and Hudson, London.
Lathrap, Donald W., 1971, The tropical forest and the cultural context of Chavín. In Dumbarton Oaks Conference on Chavín, edited by Elizabeth P. Benson, pp. 73–100. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, D.C.
Lathrap, Donald W., 1985, Jaws: the control of power in the early Nuclear American ceremonial center. In Early Ceremonial Architecture in the Andes, edited by Christopher B. Donnan, pp. 241–267. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, D.C.
Lowie, Robert H., 1948, The tropical forest tribes. In Handbook of South American Indians, Volume 3, The Tropical Forest Tribes, edited by Julian H. Steward, pp. 1–56. Bulletin 143. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Lumbreras, Luis G., 1974, Los reinos post-Tiwanaku en el area altiplánica. Revista del Museo Nacional 40: 55–85.
Lumbreras, Luis G, 1974, The Peoples and Cultures of Ancient Peru. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
Lumbreras, Luis G., 1981, Arqueología de la América Andina. Editorial Milla Batres, Lima.
Matos Mendieta, Ramiro, 1972, Wakan y Wamalli: estudio arqueológico de dos aldeas rurales. In Visita de la Provincia León de Huánuco en 1562, vol. 2, edited by John V. Murra, pp. 367–382. Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán, Huánuco.
Murra, John V., 1967, La visita de los Chupachu como fuente etnológica. In Iñigo Ortiz de Zuñiga, Visita de la Provincia de Leon de Huanuco en 1562, edited by John V Murra, pp. 381–406. Universidad Hermillio Valdizan, Huanuco.
Murra, John V., 1972, El control vertical de un máximo de pisos ecológicos en la economía de las sociedades andinas. In Visita de la Provincia de León de Huánuco, edited by John V. Murra, volume 2, pp. 429–476. Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán, Huánuco.
Ortner, Sherry, 1984, Theory in anthropology since the sixties. Comparative Studies in Society and History 26 (1): 126–166.
Ortiz de Zuñiga, Iñigo, 1967 and 1972, Visita de la Provincia León de Huánuco en 1562. 2 volumes. Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán, Huánuco.
Pauketat, Timothy R., 2001, A new tradition in archaeology. In The Archaeology of Traditions, edited by Timothy R. Pauketat, pp. 1–16. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
Pulgar Vidal, Javier, 1996, Geografía del Perú . PEISA, Lima.
Richardson III, James B., 1974, Peoples of the Andes. St. Remy Press, Montreal and Smithsonian Books, Washington, D.C.
Rivera, Mario A., 2002, Historias del Desierto: Arqueologia del Norte de Chile. Editorial del Norte, La Serena, Chile.
Rowe, John H.,1960, Cultural unity and diversification in Peruvian archaeology. In Men and Cultures, edited by Anthony Wallace, pp. 627–631. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.
Rowe, John H. and Dorothy Menzel, 1967, Introduction. In Peruvian Archaeology: Selected Readings, edited by John H. Rowe and Dorothy Menzel, pp. i-vi. Peek Publications, Palo Alto.
Service, Elman R.,1962, Primitive Social Organization: An Evolutionary Perspective. Random House, New York.
Shimada, Izumi, 1982, Horizontal archipelago and coast-highland interaction in north Peru: archaeological models. In El Hombre y Su Ambiente en los Andes Centrales, edited by Luis Mullones and Hiroyasu Tomoeda, pp. 137–210. Senri Ethnological Studies, Number 10. National Museum of Ethnology, Senri.
Silverman, Helaine, 2004, Introduction: space and time in the Central Andes. in Andean Archaeology, edited by Helaine Silverman, pp. 1–15. Blackwell, Malden.
Stanish, Charles, 1992, Ancient Andean Political Economy. University of Texas Press, Austin.
Stanish, Charles, 2001, The origin of state societies in South America. Annual Review of Anthropology 30: 41–64.
Steward, Julian H., editor, 1946a, Handbook of South American Indians, Volume 1, The Marginal Tribes. Bulletin 143. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Steward, Julian H., editor, 1946b, Handbook of South American Indians, Volume 2, The Andean Civilizations. Bulletin 143. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Steward, Julian H., editor, 1948a, Handbook of South American Indians, Volume 3, The Tropical Forest Tribes. Bulletin 143. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Steward, Julian H., editor, 1948b, Handbook of South American Indians, Volume 5, The Circum- Caribbean Tribes. Bulletin 143. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Steward, Julian H., 1948c, The Circum-Caribbean Tribes: An Introduction. In Handbook of South American Indians, Volume 4, The Circum-Caribbean Tribes, edited by Julian H. Steward, pp. 1–41. Bulletin 143. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Steward, Julian H., 1949, South American cultures: an interpretive summary. In Handbook of South American Indians, Volume 5, The Comparative Ethnology of South American Indians, edited by Julian H. Steward, pp. 669–772. Bulletin 143. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Tello, Julio C., 1923, Wira Kocha. Inca 1: 93–320, 2: 583–606. Lima.
Thompson, Donald E., 1967, Investigaciones arqueológicas en las aldeas chupachu de Ichu y Auquimarca. In Visita de la Provincia León de Huánuco en 1562, vol. 1, edited by John V. Murra, pp. 357–362. Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán, Huánuco.
Willey, Gordon R., 1971, An Introduction to American Archaeology. Volume 2. South America. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
Williams, Patrick Ryan and Donna J. Nash, 2002, Imperial interaction in the Andes. Huari and Tiwanaku at Cerro Baúl. In Andean Archaeology I: Variations in Sociopolitical Organization, edited by William H. Isbell and Helaine Silverman, pp. 243–265. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.
Wilson, David J., 1999, Indigenous South Americans of the Past and Present. An Ecological Perspective. Westview Press, Boulder.
Wissler, Clark, 1917, The American Indian: An Introduction to the Anthropology of the New World. Oxford University Press, New York.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Isbell, W.H., Silverman, H. (2006). Regional Patterns. In: Isbell, W.H., Silverman, H. (eds) Andean Archaeology III. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28940-2_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28940-2_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-28939-7
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-28940-3
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawSocial Sciences (R0)