Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Health of Children in Cities

  • Chapter
Handbook of Urban Health

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • AAP Committee on Adolescence. (2001). American Academy of Pediatrics: Health care for children and adolescents in the juvenile correctional care system. Pediatrics 107:799–803.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alberg, A.J., and Samet, J.M. (2003). Epidemiology of lung cancer. Chest 123:21S–49S.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aligne, C.A., Auinger, P., Byrd, R.S., and Weitzman, M. (2000). Risk factors for pediatric asthma. Contributions of poverty, race, and urban residence. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 162:873–877.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2004). Addressing the Mental Health needs of America’s children; http://www.psych.org/advocacy_policy/leg_issues/fac-children.cfm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, G., and Wilkinson, D.D. (2002). The prevention of mental disorders in young people. Med. J. Aust. 177:S97–S100.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aneshensel, C.S., and Sucoff, C.A. (1996). The neighborhood context of adolescent mental health. J. Health Soc. Behav. 37:293–310.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • APA Taskforce for the vision for the mental health system. (2003). A vision for the mental health system. American Psychiatric Association, Virginia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arias, E., MacDorman, M.F., Strobino, D.M., and Guyer, B. (2003). Annual summary of vital statistics—2002. Pediatrics 112:1215–1230.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ariza, A.J., Chen, E.H., Binns, H.J., and Christoffel, K.K. (2004). Risk factors for overweight in five-to six-year-old Hispanic-American children: a pilot study. J. Urban Health 81:150–161.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong, J., and Reilly, J.J. (2002). Breastfeeding and lowering the risk of childhood obesity. Lancet 359:2003–2004.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barros, F.C., Victora, C.G., and Horta, B.L. (2001). Ethnicity and infant health in Southern Brazil. A birth cohort study. Int. J. Epidemiol. 30:1001–1008.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berkman, L.F., and Kawachi, I. (2000). Social Epidemiology. Oxford University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birmaher, B., Brent, D.A., and Benson, R.S. (1998). Summary of the practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with depressive disorders. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 37:1234–1238.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonny, A.E., Britto, M.T., Klostermann, B.K., Hornung, R.W., and Slap, G.B. (2000). School disconnectedness: identifying adolescents at risk. Pediatrics 106:1017–1021.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boroff, M., and O’Campo, P. (1996). Baltimore City Healthy Start Medical Reform for reducing infant mortality. Patient Educ. Couns. 27:41–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1992). Ecologic Systems Theory. In: Vasta, R, (ed.), Six theories of child development: Revised formulations and current issues. Jessica Kingsley Publishers, Ltd., Pennsylvania, pp. 187–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A.F., Ettner, S.L., Piette, J., Weinberger, M., Gregg, E., Shapiro, M.F., Karter, A.J., Safford, M., Waitzfelder, B., Prata, P.A., and Beckles, G.L. (2004). Socioeconomic position and health among persons with diabetes mellitus: a conceptual framework and review of the literature. Epidemiol. Rev. 26:63–77.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buka, S.L., Brennan, R.T., Rich-Edwards, J.W., Raudenbush, S.W., and Earls, F. (2003). Neighborhood support and the birth weight of urban infants. Am. J. Epidemiol. 157:1–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burdette, H.L., and Whitaker, R.C. (2004). Neighborhood playgrounds, fast food restaurants, and crime: relationships to overweight in low-income preschool children. Prev. Med. 38:57–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, K., Waters, E., O’Meara, S., and Summerbell, C. (2001). Interventions for preventing obesity in childhood. A systematic review. Obes. Rev. 2:149–157.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1997). Recommended framework for presenting injury mortality data. MMWR. Recomm. Rep. 46:1–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2004). Childhood injury fact sheet; www.cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/childh.htm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, N.M., Brown, R.W., Parker, E., Robins, T.G., Remick, D.G., Jr., Philbert, M.A., Keeler, G.J., and Israel, B.A. (1999). Childhood asthma. Environ. Health Perspect. 107(Suppl 3): 421–429.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coburn, A.F., McBride, T.D., and Ziller, E.C. (2002). Patterns of health insurance coverage among rural and urban children. Med. Care. Res. Rev. 59:272–292.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cullen, K.W., Baranowski, T., Rittenberry, L., Cosart, C., Hebert, D., and de Moor, C. (2001). Child-reported family and peer influences on fruit, juice and vegetable consumption: reliability and validity of measures. Health Educ. Res. 16:187–200.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, S.K., and Jackson, R.J. (2001). The built environment and children’s health. Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 48:1241–1252.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Czerwinski, S.J., and Moloney-Harmon, P.A. (1997). Caught in the crossfire. Children, guns, and trauma: an update. Crit. Care Nurs. Clin. North Am. 9:201–210.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, L.L., Durkin, M.S., Kuhn, L., O’Connor, P., Barlow, B., and Heagarty, M.C. (1994). The impact of the Safe Kids/Healthy Neighborhoods Injury Prevention Program in Harlem, 1988 through 1991. Am. J. Public Health 84:580–586.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Department of Justice. (2003). Bureau of Justice Statistics data online; http://bjsdata.ojp.usdoj.gov/dataonline/Search/Homocide/Local/OneYearOfData.cfm

    Google Scholar 

  • Devaney, B., Howell, E., McCormick, M., and Moreno, L. (2000). Reducing infant mortality; lessons learned from healthy start. Mathematica Policy Reserch, Final Report No. MPR Ref # 8166-113. Princeton, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • DiMaggio, C., and Durkin, M. (2002). Child pedestrian injury in an urban setting: descriptive epidemiology. Acad. Emerg. Med. 9:54–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Drukker, M., Kaplan, C., Feron, F., and van Os, J. (2003). Children’s health-related quality of life, neighborhood socio-economic deprivation and social capital. A contextual analysis. Soc. Sci. Med. 57:825–841.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, G.J., Brooks-Gunn, J., and Klebanov, P.K. (1994). Economic deprivation and early childhood development. Child Dev. 65:296–318.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eggleston, P.A., Buckley, T.J., Breysse, P.N., Wills-Karp, M., Kleeberger, S.R., and Jaakkola, J.K. (2004). The environment and asthma in US inner-cities. Health Perspect. 107:439–459.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekwo, E.E., and Moawad, A. (2000). Maternal age and preterm births in a black population. Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. 14:145–151.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elixhauser, A., Machlin, S.R., Zodet, M.W., Chevarley, F.M., Patel, N., McCormick, M.C., and Simpson, L. (2002). Health care for children and youth in the United States: 2001 annual report on access, utilization, quality, and expenditures. Ambul. Pediatr. 2:419–437.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, P.R., and Rogers, C. (2004). Inside the Greenhouse: The Impacts of CO2 and Climate Change on Public Health in the Inner City. Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, D., Mellins, R., Lobach, K., Ramos-Bonoan, C., Pinkett-Heller, M., Wiesemann, S, Klein, I., Donahue, C., Burke, D., Levinson, M., Levin, B., Zimmerman, B., and Clark, N. (1997). Improving care for minority children with asthma: professional education in public health clinics. Pediatrics 99:157–164.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Faber, D.R., and Krieg, E.J. (2002). Unequal exposure to ecological hazards: environmental injustices in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Environ. Health Perspect. 110(Suppl 2):277–288.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics. (2003). America’s Children: Key National Indicators of Well-being 2003. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forssas, E., Gissler, M., Sihvonen, M., and Hemminki, E. (1999). Maternal predictors of perinatal mortality: the role of birthweight. Int. J. Epidemiol. 28:475–478.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frattaroli, S., Webster, D.W., and Teret, S.P. (2002). Unintentional gun injuries, firearm design, and prevention: what we know, what we need to know, and what can be done. J. Urban Health 79:49–59.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Freudenberg, N. (2001). Jails, prisons, and the health of urban populations: a review of the impact of the correctional system on community health. J. Urban Health 78:214–235.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuller, J.H., Shipley, M.J., Rose, G., Jarrett, R.J., and Keen, H. (1980). Coronary-heart-disease risk and impaired glucose tolerance. The Whitehall study. Lancet 1:1373–1376.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galea, S., Freudenberg, N., and Vlahov, D. (2005). Cities and Population Health. Soc. Sci. Med. 60(5):1017–1033.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Galea, S., Nandi, A., and Vlahov, D. (2004). The social epidemiology of substance use. Epidemiol. Rev. 26:36–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Galobardes, B., Lynch, J.W., and Davey, S.G. (2004). Childhood socioeconomic circumstances and causes-pecific mortality in adulthood: systematic review and interpretation. Epidemiol. Rev. 26:7–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gennuso, J., Epstein, L.H., Paluch, R.A., and Cerny, F. (1998). The relationship between asthma and obesity in urban minority children and adolescents. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 152:1197–1200.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glaser, J.B., and Greifinger, R.B. (1993). Correctional health care: a public health opportunity. Ann. Intern. Med. 118:139–145.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gold, R., Kennedy, B., Connell, F., and Kawachi, I. (2002). Teen births, income inequality, and social capital: developing an understanding of the causal pathway. Health Place 8:77–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goran, M. I., and Treuth, M.S. (2001). Energy expenditure, physical activity, and obesitin children. Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 48:931–953.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon-Larsen, P. (2001). Obesity-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in obese and non-obese urban Philadelphia female adolescents. Obes. Res. 9:112–118.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gould, M.S., Greenberg, T., Velting, D.M., and Shaffer, D. (2003). Youth suicide risk and preventive interventions: a review of the past 10 years. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 42:386–405.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gracey, M. (2002). Child health in an urbanizing world. Acta Paediatr. 91:1–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, L.M. (2004). All I need is the air that I breath: outdoor air quality and asthma. Paediatr. Respir. Rev. 5(Suppl A):S59–S64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, M. (1991). American cities: good and bad news about public health. Bull. N.Y Acad. Med. 67:17–21.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grossman, D.C., and Rivara, F.P. (1992). Injury control in childhood. Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 39:471–485.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, G., and Hartsall, C. (2002). Efficacy of suicide prevention programs for children and youth Report No. HTA 26. Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guyer, B., Strobino, D.M., Ventura, S.J., MacDorman, M., and Martin, J.A. (1996). Annual summary of vital statistics-1995. Pediatrics 98:1007–1019.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hameed, S.M., Popkin, C.A., Cohn, S.M., and Johnson, E.W. (2004). The epidemic of pediatric traffic injuries in South Florida: a review of the problem and initial results of a prospective surveillance strategy. Am. J. Public Health 94:554–556.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins, J.D., Catalano, R.F., Kosterman, R., Abbott, R., and Hill, K.G. (1999). Preventing adolescent health-risk behaviors by strengthening protection during childhood. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 153:226–234.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haynatzka, V., Peck, M., Santibanez, S., Iyasu, S., and Scoendorf, K. (2002). Racial and ethnic disparities in infant mortality rates—60 Largest U.S. Cities, 1995–1998. MMWR. 51:329–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemingway, H., Nicholson, A., Stafford, M., Roberts, R., and Marmot, M. (1997). The impact of socioeconomic status on health functioning as assessed by the SF-36 questionnaire: the Whitehall II Study. Am. J. Public Health 87:1484–1490.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinrichsen, D., Salem, R., and Blackburn, R. (2004). Meeting the urban challenge: Population reports, Report No. Series M # 16. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogan, V.K., Richardson, J.L., Ferre, C.D., Durant, T., and Boisseau, M. (2001). A public health framework for addressing black and white disparities in preterm delivery. J. Am. Med. Womens Assoc. 56:177–80, 205.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holgate, S., Samet, J., Koren, H., and Maynard, R. (1999). Air Pollution and Health. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyland, A., Travers, M.J., Cummings, K.M., Bauer, J., Alford, T., and Wieczorek, W.F. (2003). Tobacco outlet density and demographics in Erie County, New York. Am. J. Public Health 93:1075–1076.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • IOM Committee on Children, H. I. a. A. t. C. (1998). America’s Children: Healthcare Insurance and Access to Care. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iyasu, S., Tomashek, K., and Barfield, W. (2002). Infant mortality and low birth weight among black and white infants; US 1980-2000. MMWR. 51:589–592.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson-Down, L., O’Loughlin, J., Koski, K.G., and Gray-Donald, K. (1997). High prevalence of obesity in low income and multiethnic schoolchildren: a diet and physical activity assessment. J. Nutr. 127:2310–2315.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Judd, F.K., Jackson, H.J., Komiti, A., Murray, G., Hodgins, G., and Fraser, C. (2002). High prevalence disorders in urban and rural communities. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 36:104–113.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kalff, A.C., Kroes, M., Vles, J.S., Hendriksen, J.G., Feron, F.J., Steyaert, J., van Zeben, T.M., Jolles, J., and van Os, J. (2001). Neighbourhood level and individual level SES effects on child problem behaviour: a multilevel analysis. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 55:246–250.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kattan, M., Mitchell, H., Eggleston, P., Gergen, P., Crain, E., Redline, S., Weiss, K., Evans, R. 3rd., Kaslow, R., Kercsmar, C., Leickly, F., Malveaux, F., and Wedner, H.J. (1997). Characteristics of inner-city children with asthma: the National Cooperative Inner-City Asthma Study. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 24:253–262.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katz, L.F., Kling, J.R., and Liebman, J.B. (2001). Moving to opportunity in Boston: Early results f a randomized mobility experiment. Q. J. Econ. 116:607–654.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kawachi, I., Kennedy, B.P., Lochner, K., and Prothrow-Stith, D. (1997). Social capital, income inequality, and mortality. Am. J. Public Health. 87:1491–1498.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King, W. D., Nichols, M.H., Hardwick, W.E., and Palmisano, P.A. (1994). Urban/rural differences in child passenger deaths. Pediatr. Emerg. Care 10:34–36.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klassen, T.P., MacKay, J.M., Moher, D., Walker, A., and Jones, A.L. (2000). Community-based injury prevention interventions. Future Child 10:83–110.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhlthau, K.A., and Perrin, J.M. (2001). Child health status and parental employment. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 155:1346–1350.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lagges, A.M., and Dunn, D.W. (2003). Depression in children and adolescents. Neurol. Clin. 21:953–960.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lapidus, G., Lerer, T., Zavoski, R., and Banco, L. (1998). Childhood injury in Connecticut. Conn. Med. 62:323–331.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laraque, D., Barlow, B., Davidson, L., and Welborn, C. (1994). The Central Harlem playground injury prevention project: a model for change. Am. J. Public Health 84:1691–1692.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laraque, D., Barlow, B., Durkin, M., and Heagarty, M. (1995). Injury prevention in an urban setting: challenges and successes. Bull. N.Y. Acad. Med. 72:16–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LaVeist, T.A., and Wallace, J.M., Jr. (2000). Health risk and inequitable distribution of liquor stores in African American neighborhood. Soc. Sci. Med. 51:613–617.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lear, J.G. (2004). 2002 Survey of school-based health center initiatives. The George Washington University School of Public Health Center for health and healthcare in schools; http://www.healthinschools.org/sbhcs/method.asp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C. (2002). Environmental justice: building a unified vision of health and the environment. Environ. Health Perspect. 110(Suppl 2):141–144.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, S.B., and Coupey, S.M. (2003). Adolescent substance use, sexual behavior, and metropolitan status: is “urban” a risk factor? J. Adolesc. Health 32:350–355.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Linder, F.E., and Grove, R.D. (1947). Vital statistics rates in the United States 1900–1940. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litonjua, A.A., Carey, V.J., Burge, H.A., Weiss, S.T., and Gold, D.R. (2001). Exposure to cockroach allergen in the home is associated with incident doctor-diagnosed asthma and recurrent wheezing. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 107:41–47.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luder, E., Ehrlich, R.I., Lou, W.Y., Melnik, T.A., and Kattan, M. (2004). Body mass index and the risk of asthma in adults. Respir. Med. 98:29–37.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luder, E., Melnik, T.A., and DiMaio, M. (1998). Association of being overweight witgreater asthma symptoms in inner city black and Hispanic children. J. Pediatr. 132:699–703.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig, J., Duncan, G., and Hirschfield, P. (2001). Urban poverty and juvenile crime: evidence from a randomized housing-mobility experiment. Q. J. Econ. 116:655–680.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lurie, N., Straub, M.J., Goodman, N., and Bauer, E. J. (1998). Incorporating asthma education into a traditional school curriculum. Am. J. Public Health 88:822–823.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mannino, D.M., Homa, D.M., Akinbami, L.J., Moorman, J.E., Gwynn, C., and Redd, S.C. (2002). Surveillance for asthma-United States, 1980–1999. MMWR. Surveill. Summ. 51:1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mannino, D. M., Homa, D.M., Pertowski, C.A., Ashizawa, A., Nixon, L.L., Johnson, C.A., Ball, L.B., Jack, E., and Kang, D.S. (1998). Surveillance for asthma-United States, 1960–1995. MMWR. CDC. Surveill. Summ. 47:1–27.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mansour, M.E., Kotagal, U., Rose, B., Ho, M., Brewer, D., Roy-Chaudhury, A., Hornung, R.W., Wade, T.J., and DeWitt, T.G. (2003). Health-related quality of life in urban elementary schoolchildren. Pediatrics 111:1372–1381.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marmot, M.G., Smith, G.D., Stansfeld, S., Patel, C., North, F., Head, J., White, I., Brunner, E., and Feeney, A. (1991). Health inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study. Lancet 337:1387–1393.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maternal and Child Health Bureau. (2004). Child Health USA 2002 DHHS, Health Resources and Services Administration.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, T., Menacker, F., and MacDorman, M. (2002). Infant mortality statistics from the 2000 period linked birth/infant death data set. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Georgia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Milligan, R., Wingrove, B.K., Richards, L., Rodan, M., Monroe-Lord, L., Jackson, V., Hatcher, B., Harris, C., Henderson, C., and Johnson, A.A. (2002). Perceptions about prenatal care: views of urban vulnerable groups. BMC. Public Health 2:25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moon, Y.I., Park, H.R., Koo, H.Y., and Kim, H.S. (2004). Effects of behavior modification on body image, depression and body fat in obese Korean elementary school children. Yonsei Med. J. 45:61–67.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morello-Frosch, R., Pastor, M., Porras, C., and Sadd, J. (2002b). Environmental justice and regional inequality in southern California: Implications for future research. Env. Health. Per. 110(supp 2):149–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morland, K., Wing, S., and Diez, R.A. (2002a). The contextual effect of the local food environment on residents’ diets: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Am. J. Public Health 92:1761–1767.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morland, K., Wing, S., Diez, R.A., and Poole, C. (2002). Neighborhood characteristics associated with the location of food stores and food service places. Am. J. Prev. Med. 22:23–29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muntaner, C., Eaton, W.W., Miech, R., and O’Campo, P. (2004). Socioeconomic position and major mental disorders. Epidemiol. Rev. 26:53–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • National Center for Health Statistics. (1997). 1996–1997 Injury Chartbook Hyattsville, MD.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Center for Health (2001). Ten leading causes of injury and death by age group — 2001. Center for Disease Control. Statistics; http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/lcod.htm

    Google Scholar 

  • National Center for Health Statistics. (2003). Health US 2003, Center for Disease Control; http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm

    Google Scholar 

  • National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2002). Traffic safety facts 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, J.A., Chiasson, M.A., and Ford, V. (2004). Childhood overweight in a New York City WIC population. Am. J. Public Health 94:458–462.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • NIH. (1999). Mental Health: A Report of the surgeon general. Government Printing Office, Rockville, MD.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Loughlin, J., Gray-Donald, K., Paradis, G., and Meshefedjian, G. (2000). One-and two-year predictors of excess weight gain among elementary schoolchildren in multiethnic, low-income, inner-city neighborhoods. Am. J. Epidemiol. 152:739–746.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Loughlin, J., Paradis, G., Renaud, L., Meshefedjian, G., and Gray-Donald, K. (1998). Prevalence and correlates of overweight among elementary schoolchildren in multiethnic, low income, inner-city neighbourhoods in Montreal, Canada. Ann. Epidemiol. 8:422–432.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ogden, C.L., Flegal, K.M., Carroll, M.D., and Johnson, C.L. (2002). Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999–2000. JAMA. 288:1728–1732.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perry, T., Matsui, E., Merriman, B., Duong, T., and Eggleston, P. (2003). The prevalence of rat allergen in inner-city homes and its relationship to sensitization and asthma morbidity. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 112:346–352.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Phipatanakul, W., Eggleston, P.A., Wright, E.C., and Wood, R.A. (2000). Mouse allergen. I. The prevalence of mouse allergen in inner-city homes. The National Cooperative Inner-City Asthma Study. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 106:1070–1074.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Posner, J.C., Liao, E., Winston, F.K., Cnaan, A., Shaw, K.N., and Durbin, D.R. (2002). Exposure to traffic among urban children injured as pedestrians. Inj. Prev. 8:231–235.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poundstone, K.E., Strathdee, S.A., and Celentano, D.D. (2004). The social epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Epidemiol. Rev. 26:22–35.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, D.L., and Stewart, V. (2001). Children. The unwitting target of environmental injustices. Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 48:1291–1305.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pratt, M.K., Davidson, L., and McMahon, T.J. (2000). Comprehensive services for at risk urban youth: applying lessons from the community mental health unit. Children’s services: social policy, research and practice 3:63–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Preston, S.H., and Haines, M.R (1991). Fatal Years; Child Mortality in Late Nineteenth Century America. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prewitt, E. (1997). Inner City Health Care. Ann. Int. Med. 26:485–490.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raine, A., Brennan, P., Mednick, B., and Mednick, S. A. (1996). High rates of violence, crime, academic problems, and behavioral problems in males with both early neuromotor deficits and unstable family environments. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 53:544–549.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raine, A., Brennan, P., and Mednick, S. A. (1997). Interaction between birth complications and early maternal rejection in predisposing individuals to adult violence: specificity to serious, early-onset violence. Am. J. Psychiatry 154:1265–1271.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raine, A., Reynolds, C., Venables, P. H., Mednick, S. A., and Farrington, D. P. (1998). Fearlessness, stimulation-seeking, and large body size at age 3 years as early predispositions to childhood aggression at age 11 years. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 55:745–751.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rao, R., Hawkins, M., and Guyer, B. (1997). Children’s exposure to traffic and risk of pedestrian injury in an urban setting. Bull. N.Y. Acad. Med. 74:65–80.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rauh, V. A., Chew, G. R., and Garfinkel, R. S. (2002). Deteriorated housing contributes to high cockroach allergen levels in inner-city households. Environ. Health Perspect. 110(Suppl 2):323–327.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Resnick, M. D., Harris, L. J., and Blum, R. W. (1993). The impact of caring and connectedness on adolescent health and well-being. J. Paediatr. Child Health 29(Suppl 1):S3–S9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rivara, F. P. (1990). Child pedestrian injuries in the United States. Current status of the problem, potential interventions, and future research needs. Am. J. Dis. Child 144:692–696.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, T. N. (1999). Reducing children’s television viewing to prevent obesity: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 282:1561–1567.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rolett, A., Parker, J. D., Heck, K. E., and Makuc, D. M. (2001). Parental employment, family structure, and child’s health insurance. Ambul. Pediatr. 1:306–313.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rones, M., and Hoagwood, K. (2000). School-based mental health services: a research review. Clin. Child Fam. Psychol. Rev. 3:223–241.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenstreich, D. L., Eggleston, P., Kattan, M., Baker, D., Slavin, R. G., Gergen, P., Mitchell, H., McNiff-Mortimer, K., Lynn, H., Ownby, D., and Malveaux, F. (1997). The role of cockroach allergy and exposure to cockroach allergen in causing morbidity among inner-city children with asthma. N. Engl. J. Med. 336:1356–1363.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M., and Quinton, D. (1977). Psychiatric disorders: Ecological factors and conceptsof causation. In: McGurk, H. (ed.), Ecologic factors in human development Amsterdam, Holland, pp. 173–187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Satcher, D. (2001). The surgeon general’s call to action to prevent and decrease overweight and obesity. DHHS, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawhill, I., and Chadwick, L. (1999). Children in cities: Uncertain futures. The Brookings Institute, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoendorf, K.C., Hogue, C. J., Kleinman, J. C., and Rowley, D. (1992). Mortality among infants of black as compared with white college-educated parents. N. Engl. J. Med. 326:1522–1526.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sege, R. D., Kharasch, S., Perron, C., Supran, S., O’Malley, P., Li, W., and Stone, D. (2002). Pediatric violence-related injuries in Boston: results of a city-wide emergency department surveillance program. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 156:73–76.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shaffer, D., and Craft, L. (1999). Methods of adolescent suicide prevention. J. Clin. Psychiatry 60(Suppl 2):70–74.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, G.G., and Stout, J.W. (2002). Childhood asthma in the United States: urban issues. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 33:47–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sheehan, K., DiCara, J.A., LeBailly, S., and Christoffel, K.K. (1999). Adapting the gang model: peer mentoring for violence prevention. Pediatrics 104:50–54.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, M.D. (1996). Source of firearm acquisition among a sample of inner-city youths: research results and policy implications. J. Crim. Justice 24:361–367.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, L.A., Romero, D., Wood, P.R., Wampler, N.S., Chavkin, W., and Wise, P.H. (2002). Employment barriers among welfare recipients and applicants with chronically ill children. Am. J. Public Health 92:1453–1457.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soler, M. (2002). Health issues for adolescents in the justice system. J. Adolesc. Health 31:321–333.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stettler, N., Tershakovec, A.M., Zemel, B.S., Leonard, M.B., Boston, R.C., Katz, S.H. and Stallings, V.A. (2000). Early risk factors for increased adiposity: a cohort study of African American subjects followed from birth to young adulthood. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 72:378–383.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson, L.A., Gergen, P.J., Hoover, D.R., Rosenstreich, D., Mannino, D.M., and Matte, T.D. (2001). Sociodemographic correlates of indoor allergen sensitivity among United States children. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 108:747–752.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, R.S., and Knight, J. (1999). Influence of the home environment on the development of obesity in children. Pediatrics 103:e85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, R.S., and Pollack, H.A. (2001). Epidemic increase in childhood overweight, 1986–1998. JAMA 286:2845–2848.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tester, J.M., Rutherford, G.W., Wald, Z., and Rutherford, M.W. (2004). A matched case-control study evaluating the effectiveness of speed humps in reducing child pedestrian injuries. Am. J. Public Health 94:646–650.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • US Department of Commerce, B. o. t. c. (1996). Current population reports: Population projections of the United States by age, sex, race and hispanic origin: 1995 to 2050. US Census Bureau; http://www.census.gov/prod/1/pop/p25-1130/

    Google Scholar 

  • Vlahov, D., and Galea, S. (2002). Urbanization, urbanicity, and health. J. Urban Health 79:S1–S12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Waldmann, R.J. (1999). Income distribution and infant mortality. In: Kawachi I, Kennedy BP, and Wilkinson R.G. (eds.), The society and population health reader. The New York Press, New York, pp. 14–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, G., and Dietz, W.H. (2002). Economic burden of obesity in youths aged 6 to 17 years: 1979–1999. Pediatrics 109:E81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y. (2001). Cross-national comparison of childhood obesity: the epidemic and the relationship between obesity and socioeconomic status. Int. J. Epidemiol. 30:1129–1136.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y., Monteiro, C., and Popkin, B.M. (2002). Trends of obesity and underweight in older children and adolescents in the United States, Brazil, China, and Russia. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 75:971–977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waterston, T., Alperstein, G., and Stewart, B.S. (2004). Social capital: a key factor in child health inequalities. Arch. Dis. Child 89:456–459.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Webber, M.P., Carpiniello, K.E., Oruwariye, T., and Appel, D.K. (2002). Prevalence of asthma and asthma-like symptoms in inner-city elementary schoolchildren. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 34:105–111.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Webber, M.P., Carpiniello, K.E., Oruwariye, T., Lo, Y., Burton, W.B., and Appel, D.K. (2003). Burden of asthma in inner-city elementary schoolchildren: do school-based health centers make a difference? Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 157:125–129.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weesner, C.L., Hargarten, S.W., Aprahamian, C., and Nelson, D.R. (1994). Fatal childhood injury patterns in an urban setting. Ann. Emerg. Med. 23:231–236.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weissman, M.M., Wolk, S., Goldstein, R.B., Moreau, D., Adams, P., Greenwald, S., Klier, C.M., Ryan, N.D., Dahl, R.E., and Wickramaratne, P. (1999). Depressed adolescents grown up. JAMA. 281:1707–1713.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wertheimer, R., O’Hare, W., Croan, T., Jager, J., Long, M., and Reynolds, M. (2002). The right start for america’s newborns: A decade of city and state trends (1990–1999). National Crime Prevention Control; http://www.ncpc.org/ncpc/ncpc/?pg=2088-7236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wintemute, G.J. (2002). Where the guns come from: the gun industry and gun commerce. The Future of Children 12: 55–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zanis, D.A., Mulvaney, F., and Coviello, D. (2003). Health issues in prisons and jails: implications for urban health. J. Drug Issues 33:223–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zavoski, R.W., Lapidus, G.D., Lerer, T.J., and Banco, L.I. (1995). A population-based study of severe firearm injury among children and youth. Pediatrics 96:278–282.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Johns Hopkins Urban Health Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland

    M. Chris Gibbons

  2. Department of Family Medicine, University of California in Los Angeles, Santa Monica, California

    Vijay Singh

  3. Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine in the Department of Mental Health and School of Medicine in the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland

    Kisha Braithwaite

  4. Department of Population and Family Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland

    Bernard Guyer

Authors
  1. M. Chris Gibbons
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Vijay Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kisha Braithwaite
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Bernard Guyer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York

    Sandro Galea  & David Vlahov  & 

  2. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York

    Sandro Galea  & David Vlahov  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer Science+ Business Media, Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gibbons, M.C., Singh, V., Braithwaite, K., Guyer, B. (2005). The Health of Children in Cities. In: Galea, S., Vlahov, D. (eds) Handbook of Urban Health. Springer, Boston, MA . https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-25822-1_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-25822-1_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-23994-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-25822-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation