Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Defining and Measuring Drug Abusing Behaviors

  • Chapter
Epidemiology of Drug Abuse

4. Conclusions

Drug abuse epidemiologists have made great progress in developing methodologies to measure an elusive public health problem over the past three decades. As we learn more about the biology of dependence, particularly the process of moving from use to addiction, we in the field may be able to refine our own measurements. In addition, as was pointed out by the IOM (1996), there is a great need for more research to examine co-occurring drug use, physical and psychiatric problems, and to continue to refine our methods of data collection and data analyses.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Altman, J. (1996). A biological view of drug abuse. Molecular Medicine Today 2(6), pp. 237–241.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychological Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andreasson, S. and Allebeck, P. (1990). Cannabis and mortality among young men: a longitudinal study of Swedish conscripts. Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine 18(1), pp. 9–15.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anthony, J.C. and Petronis, K.R. (1995). Early-onset drug use and risk of later drug problems, Drug and Alcohol Dependence 49(1), pp. 9–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Appel, P.W., Hoffman, J.H., Blane, H.T., Frank, B., Oldak, R. and Burke, M. (2001). Comparisons of self-report and hair analysis in detecting cocaine use in a homeless/transient sample. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 33(1), pp. 47–55.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Block, R.I., and Ghoneim, M.M. (1993). Effects of chronic marijuana use on human cognition. Psychopharmacology 110, pp. 219–228.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brook, J.S., Balka, E.B., Gursen, M.D., Brook, D.W., Shapiro, J. and Cohen, P. (1997). Young adult’s drug use: a 17-year longitudinal inquiry of antecedents. Psychological Reports 80(3 Pt. 2), pp. 1235–1251.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, K., Kandel, D.B. and Davies, M. (1997). Relationship between frequency and quantity of marijuana use and last year proxy dependence among adolescents and adults in the United States. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 46(1–2), pp. 53–67.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cherubin, C.E. and Sapira, J.D. (1993). The medical complications of drug addiction and the medical assessment of the intravenous drug user: 25 years later. Annals of Internal Medicine 119(10) pp. 1017–1028.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Childress, A.R., Mozley, D., Fitzgerald, J., Reivich, M., Jaggi, J. and O’Brien, C.P. (1995). Limbic activation during cue-induced cocaine craving, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 21(3), p. 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coffey, C., Lynskey, M., Wolfe, R. and Patton, G.C. (2000). Initiation and progression of cannabis use in a population-based Australian adolescent longitudinal study. Addiction 95(11), pp. 1679–1690.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, R.F. and Bernstein, A. (1994). Assessing drug use prevalence in the workplace: A comparison of self-report methods and urinalysis. International Journal of the Addictions 29(8), pp. 1057–1068.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeWit, D.J., Hance, J., Offord, D.R. and Ogborne, A. (2000). The influence of early and frequent use of marijuana on the risk of desistance and of progression to marijuana-related harm, Preventive Medicine 31(5), pp. 455–464.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fenrich, M., Johnson, T.P., Wislar, J.S., Hubbel, A. and Spiehler, V. (2004). The utility of drug testing in epidemiological research: Results from a general population survey. Addictions 99(2), pp.197–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fenrich, M. and Xu, Y. The validity of drug use reports from juvenile arrestees. International Journal of the Addictions 29(8), pp. 971–985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fergusson, D.M. and Horwood, L.J. (2000). Cannabis use and dependence in a New Zealand birth cohort. New Zealand Medical Journal 113(1109), pp. 156–158.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finch, E. and Strang, J. (1998). Reliability and validity of self-report: on the importance of considering context”. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 51(3), p. 269.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fried, P.A. (1995). Prenatal exposure to marihuana and tobacco during infancy, early and middle childhood: effects and an attempt at synthesis. Archives of Toxicology Supplement 17, pp. 233–260.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fried, P.A. and Watkinson, B. (2000). Visuoperceptual functioning differs in 9-to 12-year olds prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 22(1), pp. 11–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gfroefer, J., Wright, D. and Kopstein, A. (1997). Prevalence of youth substance use: the impact of methodological differences between two national surveys. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 47(1), pp. 19–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghodse, H., Oyefeso, A. and Kilpatrick, B. (1998). Mortality of drug addicts in the United Kingdom 1967–1993. International Journal of Epidemiology 27(3), pp. 473–478.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glantz, M.D. and Pickens, R.W. (1992). Vulnerability to Drug Abuse: Introduction and Overview. In: Glantz, M.D. and Pickens, R.W. (Eds.). Vulnerability to Drug Abuse. American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C., pp. 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gore, S.M. (1999). Fatal uncertainty: death-rate from use of ecstasy or heroin. Lancet 354(186), pp. 1265–1266.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gossop, M., Strang, J., Griffiths, P., Powis, B. and Taylor, C. (1994). A ratio estimation method for determining the prevalence of cocaine use. British Journal of Psychiatry 164(5), pp. 676–679.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, B.R. and Pickering, R. (1998). The relationship between cannabis use and DSM-IV cannabis abuse and dependence: results from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey. Journal of Substance Abuse 10(3), pp. 255–264.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, S., London, E.D., Newlin, D.B., Villemagne, V.L., Liu, X., Contoreggi, C., Phillips, R.L., Kimes, A.E. and Margolin, A. (1996). Activation of memory circuits during cue-elicited cocaine craving. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences vol. 93, pp. 12040–12045.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kandel, D.B. and Chen, K. (2000). Types of marijuana users by longitudinal course. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 61(3), pp. 367–378.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kandel, D.B. and Raveis, V.H. (1989). Cessation of illicit drug use in young adulthood. Archives of General Psychiatry 46(2), pp.109–116.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koob, G.F., Rocio, M., Carrera, A., Gold, L.H., Heyser, C.J., Maldonado-Irizarry, C., Markou, A., Parsons, L.H., Roberts, A.J., Schulteis, G., Stinus, L., Walker, J.R., Weissenborn, R. and Weiss, F. (1998). Substance dependence as a compulsive behavior. Journal of Psychopharmacology 12(1), pp. 39–48.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kouri, E.M., Pope, H.G., and Lukas, S.E. (1999). Changes in aggressive behavior during withdrawal from long-term marijuana use. Psychopharmacology 143, pp. 302–308.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lessler, J.T. and O’Reilly, J.M. (1997). Mode of interview and reporting of sensitive issues: design and implementation of audio computer-assisted self-interviewing. In: Harrison, L. and Hughes, A. (Eds.), The Validity of Self-Reported Drug Use: Improving the Accuracy of Survey Estimates. National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Monograph 167, pp. 366–382.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyvers, M. (1998). Drug addiction as a physical disease: the role of physical dependence and other chronic drug-induced neurophysiological changes in compulsive drug self-administration. Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology 6(1), pp. 107–125.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McNagny, S.E. and Parker, R.M. (1992). High prevalence of recent cocaine use and the unreliability of patient self-report in an inner-city walk-in clinic. Journal of the American Medical Association 267(8), pp. 1106–1108.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mieczkowski, T., Newel, R. and Wraight, B. (1998). Using hair analysis, urinalysis and self-reports to estimate drug use in a sample of detained juveniles. Substance Use and Misuse 33(7), pp. 1547–1567.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • National Institute on Drug Abuse. (1998). Assessing Drug Abuse Within and Across Communities: Community Epidemiology Surveillance Networks on Drug Abuse. NTIS PB# 98-177496.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, C.P., Childress, A.R., Ehrman, R. and Robbins, S.J. (1998). Conditioning factors in drug abuse: can they explain compulsion? Journal of Psychopharmacology 12(1), pp. 15–22.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2004). 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Healthz, Chapter 8. http://oas.samhsa.gov/nhsda/2k2nsduh/Results/2k2Results.html#chap8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perkonigg, A., Lieb, R., Hofler, M., Schuster, P., Sonntag, H. and Wittchen, H.U. (1999). Patterns of cannabis use, abuse and dependence over time: incidence, progression and stability in a sample of 1228 adolescents. Addiction 94(11), pp. 1663–1678.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pope, H.G., Jr., and Yurgelun-Todd, D. (1996). The residual cognitive effects of heavy marijuana use in college students. Journal of the American Medical Association 275(7), pp. 521–527.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simeone, R., Holland, L. and Viveros-Aguilero, R. (2003). Estimating the size of an illicit-drug-using population. Statistics in Medicine 22, pp. 2969–2993.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sloboda, Z. and Kozel, N.J. (1999). Frontline surveillance: The Community Epidemiology Work Group on Drug Abuse. In M.D. Glantz and C.R. Hartel, (Eds.), Drug Abuse Origins and Interventions (pp. 47–62). American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, R.C., Harris, N.A., Singleton, E.G., Moolchan, E.T. and Heishman, S.J. (2000). Tobacco craving: intensity-related effects of imagery scripts in drug abusers. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 8(1), pp. 75–87.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tiffany, S.T. and Carter, B.L. (1998). Is craving the source of compulsive drug use? Journal of Psychopharmacology 12(1), pp. 23–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, C.F. and Miller, H.G. (1997). Monitoring trends in drug use: strategies for the 21st century. Substance Use and Misuse 32(14), pp. 2093–2103.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • United Nations. (2003). Developing an Integrated Drug Information System. V.02-57020.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verebey, K.G. and Buchan, B.J. (1997). Diagnostic laboratory: screening for drug abuse. In: Lowenstein, J.H., Ruiz, P., Millman, R.B. and Langrod, J.G. (Eds.), Substance Abuse: A Comprehensive Textbook. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Maryland, pp. 369–377.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volkow, N.D. and Fowler, J.S. (2000). Addiction, a disease of compulsion and drive: involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex 10(3), pp. 318–325.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkow, N.D., Fowler, J.S., Wolf, A.P., Hitzemann, R., Dewey, S., Bendriem, B., Alpert, R., and Hoff, A. (1991). Changes in brain glucose metabolism in cocaine dependence and withdrawal. American Journal of Psychology 148, pp. 621–626.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wickens, T.D. (1993). Quantitative methods for estimating the size of a drug-using population. Journal of Drug Issues 23, pp. 185–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (2000). Guide to Drug Abuse Epidemiology. WHO/MSD/MSB 00.3.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Health and Social Policy, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio

    Zili Sloboda

Authors
  1. Zili Sloboda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Health and Social Policy, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA

    Zili Sloboda

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sloboda, Z. (2005). Defining and Measuring Drug Abusing Behaviors. In: Sloboda, Z. (eds) Epidemiology of Drug Abuse. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-24416-6_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-24416-6_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-24415-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-24416-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation