Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Clinical Embryology of the Abdomen: Normal and Pathologic Anatomy

  • Chapter
Dynamic Radiology of the Abdomen

  • 1857 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Moore KL: The Developing Human, 4th ed. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1988, pp 50–59.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Moore KL: The Developing Human, 4th ed. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1988, pp 159–169.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Javors BR: Pertinent embryology of the gastrointestinal tract: A brief review. Radiologist 1995, 2:51–63.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Javors BR, Sloves JH: Applied embryology of the gastrointestinal tract. In Textbook of Gastrointestinal Radiology. Edited by RM Gore, MS Levine, I Laufer. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1994, pp 1362–1378.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Balfe DM, Peterson RR, van Dyke JA: Normal abdominal and pelvic anatomy. In Computed Body Tomography with MRI Correlation, 2nd ed. edited by JKT Lee, SS Sagel, RJ Stanley. Raven, New York, 1989, pp 415–475.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Earlam RJ: A study of the aetiology of congenital stenosis of the gut. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1972; 51:126–130.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. de Sa DJ: Congenital stenosis and atresia of the jejunum and ileum. J Clin Pathol 1972; 25:1063–1070.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Op den Orth JO: Duodenum (stomach and duodenum). In Alimentary Tract Roentgenology, 3rd ed. edited by AA Margulis, HJ Burhenne. Mosby, St. Louis, 1983, pp 800–831.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Moore KL: The Developing Human, 4th ed. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1988, pp 217–245.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Maglinte DDT, Bisset III GS: Congenital and Developmental Anomalies of the Small Bowel in Adolescents and Adults. In Clinical Imaging of the Small Intestine, 2nd Edition. Edited by H Herlinger, DDT Maglinte, BA Birnbaum. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999, pp 227–258.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kottra JJ, Dodds WJ: Duplication of the large bowel. AJR 1971; 113:310–315.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Seaman WB: Nonneoplastic lesions (stomach and duodenum). In Alimentary Tract Roentgenology, 3rd ed. edited by AA Margulis, HJ Burhenne. Mosby, St. Louis, 1983, pp 529–603.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Koehler RE, Memel DS, Stanley RJ: Gastrointestinal Tract. In Computed Body Tomography with MRI Correlation, 3rd edition. Edited by JKT Lee, SS Sagel, RJ Stanley, JP Heiken. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1998, pp 637–700.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Beyer D, Friedmann G, Müller J: Duplication of the colon: Report of two cases and review of the literature. Gastrointest Radiol 1981; 6:151–156.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Dodds WJ, Foley WD, Lawson TL, et al: Anatomy and imaging of the lesser peritoneal sac. AJR 1985; 144:567–575.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Ros PR, Olmsted WWJ, Moser RP Jr, et al: Mesenteric and omental cysts: Histologic classification with imaging correlation. Radiology 1987; 164:327–332.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Snyder WH Jr, Chaffin L: Intermediate stage in return of the intestines from the umbilical cord. Anat Rec 1952; 113:451–457.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Snyder WH Jr, Chaffin L: Embryology and pathology of intestinal tract: Presentation of 40 cases ofmalrotation. Ann Surg 1954; 140:368–379.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Maglinte DDT, Herlinger H: Embryology of the small intestine. In Clinical Radiology of the Small Intestine. Edited by H Herlinger, D Maglinte. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1989, pp 3–6.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Balthazar EJ, Gade M: The normal and abnormal development of the appendix. Radiology 1976; 121:599–604.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Balthazar EJ: Congenital positional anomalies of the colon: Radiographic diagnosis and clinical implications. II. Abnormalities offixation. Gastrointest Radiol 1977; 2:49–56.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Balthazar EJ: Congenital positional anomalies of the colon: Radiographic diagnosis and clinical implications. I. Abnormalities of rotation. Gastrointest Radiol 1977; 2:41–47.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Miller DL, Pasquale MD, Seneca RP, et al: Gastric volvulus in the pediatric population. Arch Surg 1991; 126:1146–1149.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Ue A, Kao SC, Sanders KD, et al: Gastric volvulus and wandering spleen. Am J Gastroenterol 1988; 93:1146–1148.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Aoyama K, Tateishi K: Gastric volvulus in three children with asplenic syndrome. J Pediatr Surg 1986; 21:307–310.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Ismail A: Recurrent colonic volvulus in children. J Pediatr Surg 1997; 32:1739–1742.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Frank AJ, Goffner LB, Fruauff AA, et al: Cecal volvulus: The CT whirl sign. Abdom Imaging 1993; 18:288–289.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Bodard E, Monheim P, Machiels F, et al: CT of midgut malrotation presenting in an adult. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1994; 18:501–502.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Mori H, Hayashi K, Futagawa S, et al: Vascular compromise in chronic volvulus with midgut malrotation. Pediatr Radiol 1987; 17:277–281.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Lantieri R, Teplick SK, Labelle MJ: Splenic flexure volvulus: Two case reports and review. AJR 1979; 132:463–464.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Ponka JL: Intussusception due to invaginated Meckel’s diverticulum. Presentation of two cases and an analysis of fifty-two cases collected from the literature. Am J Surg 1956; 92:545–557.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Bemelman WA, Hugenholtz E, Heij HA, et al: Meckel’s diverticulum in Amsterdam: Experience in 136 patients. World J Surg 1995; 19:734–736.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Halverson JM, Butterman MK, Legier JF, et al: Perforation of a Meckel’s diverticulum caused by ingestion of a coin. South Med J 1994; 87:823–824.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Sadler TW, editor: Langman’s Medical Embryology, 5th ed. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1985, pp 203–205, 230–232.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Hamdani SD, Baron RL: Ectopic liver simulating a mass in the gallbladder wall: Imaging findings. AJR 1994; 162:647–648.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Radin DR, Colletti PM, Ralls PW, et al: Agenesis of the right lobe of the liver. Radiology 1987; 164:639–642.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Brookes M, Zeitman A: Clinical Embryology: A Color Atlas and Text. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1998, pp 136–139.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Chou CK, Mak CW, Lin MB, et al: CT of agenesis and atrophy of the right hepatic lobe. Abdom Imaging 1998; 23:603–607.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Maetani Y, Itoh K, Kojima N, et al: Portal vein anomaly associated with deviation of the ligamentum teres to the right and malposition of the gallbladder. Radiology 1998; 207:723–728.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Soyer P, Bluemke DA, Choti MA, et al: Variations in the intrahepatic portions of the hepatic and portal veins: Findings on helical CT scans during arterial portography. AJR 1995; 164:103–108.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Couinaud C: Le foie:études anatomiques et chirugicales. Masson, Paris; 1957, pp 9–12.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Bismuth H: Surgical anatomy and anatomical surgery of the liver. World J Surg 1982; 6:3–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Fasel JHD, Selle D, Evertsz CJG, et al: Segmental anatomy of the liver: Poor correlation with CT. Radiology 1998; 206:151–156.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Hayes NA, Goldenberg IS, Bishop CC: The developmental basis for bile duct anomalies. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1958; 107:447–456.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Javors BR, Simmons MZ, Wachsberg RH: Cholangiographic demonstration of the cholecystohepatic duct of Luschka. Abdom Imaging 1998; 23:620–621.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Giovannelli AS, Friedman A: Liver: Embryology, anatomy, histology and variations. In Radiology of the Liver, Biliary Tract, Pancreas and Spleen. Edited by A Friedman. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1987, pp 3–36.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Pontes JF, Pinotti WH: Anomalies of the gallbladder and biliary system. In Gastroenterology, 3rd ed. edited by HL Bockus. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1976, pp 651–665.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Naganuma S, Ishida H, Konno K, et al: Sonographic findings of anomalous position of the gallbladder. Abdom Imaging 1998, 23:67–72.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Berk RN: Oral cholecystography. In Radiology of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts: Diagnosis and Intervention. Edited by RN Berk, JT Ferrucci Jr, GR Leopold. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1983, pp 121–142.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Singleton E: Pediatric diseases of the gallbladder and bile ducts: Diagnosis and intervention. In Radiology of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts: Diagnosis and Intervention. Edited by RN Berk, JT Ferrucci Jr, GR Leopold. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1983, pp 513–546.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Wysong CB, Gorten RJ: Intrahepatic gallbladder. South Med J 1980; 73:825–826.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Boyden EA: The accessory gallbladder-an embryological and comparative study of aberrant biliary vesicles occurring in man and the domestic mammals. Am J Anat 1926; 38:177–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Diaz M, Fowler W, Hnatow J: Congenital gallbladder duplication: Preoperative diagnosis by ultrasonography. Gastrointest Radiol 1991; 16:198–200.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Özgen A, Akata D, Arat A, et al: Gallbladder duplication: Imaging findings and differential considerations. Abdom Imaging 1999; 24:285–288.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Netter FH: Digestive system: Part III. Liver, biliary tract and pancreas. In The Ciba Collection of Medical Illustrations, vol 3. Ciba Pharmaceutical Products, Summit, NJ, 1957; pp 2–3.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Hatfield PM, Wise RE: Anatomic variation in the gallbladder and bile ducts. Semin Roentgenol 1976; 11:157–164.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Babbitt DP, Starshak RJ, Clemett A: Choledochal cyst: A concept of etiology. AJR 1973; 119:57–62.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Ghahremani GG, Lu CT, Woodlief RM, et al: Choledochal cyst in adults. A clinical and radiologic study in ten cases. Gastrointest Radiol 1977; 1:305–313.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Imri H, Honda H, Jimi M: Value of MR cholangiopancreatography in evaluating choledochal cysts. AJR 1998; 171:1381–1385.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Todani T, Watanabe Y, Narusue M, et al: Congenital bile duct cysts. Am J Surg 1977; 134:263–268.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Lindberg C-G, Hammarström L-E, Holmin T; et al: Cholangiographic appearance of bile-duct cysts. Abdom Imaging 1998; 23:611–615.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Govil S, Justus A, Korah I, et al: Choledochal cysts: Evaluation with MR cholangiography. Abdom Imaging 1998; 23:616–619.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Ikematsu Y, Eto T, Tomioka T, et al: Biliary diverticulum with pancreaticobiliary maljunction. Hepatogastroenterology 1994; 41:70–72.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Flowers MB, Ho KJ: A rare common hepatic duct diverticulum causing fatal biliary obstruction and sepsis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1998; 122:197–198.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Larsen WJ: Human Embryology, 2nd ed. Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1997, pp 202–211.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Williams PL: Embryology and development—Development of the veins. In Gray’s Anatomy, 39th ed. edited by H Gray, LH Bannister, MM Berry, PL William. Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1995, 320–326.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Raskin NH, Price JB, Fishman RA: Portosystemic encephalopathy due to congenital intrahepatic shunts. N Engl J Med 1964; 270:225–229.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Mori H, Hayashi K, Fukuda T, et al: Intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt: Occurrence in patients with and without liver cirrhosis. AJR 1987; 149:711–714.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Park JH, Cha SH, Han JK, et al: Intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt. AJR 1990; 155:527–528.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Mori H, Hayashi K, Amamoto Y, et al: Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava associated with intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 1986; 9:209–213.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Joyce AD, Howard ER: Rare congenital anomaly of the portal vein. Br J Surg 1988; 75:1038–1039.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Kawakatsu M, Vilgrain V, Belghiti J, et al: Association of multiple liver cell adenomas with spontaneous intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Abdom Imaging 1994; 19:438–440.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Gray SW, Skandalakis JF: Embryology for Surgeons: The Embryological Basis for the Treatment of Congenital Defects. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1972; pp 177–178.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Sener RN, Alper H: Polysplenia syndrome: A case associated with transhepatic portal vein, short pancreas, and left inferior vena cava with hemiazygos continuation. Abdom Imaging 1994; 19:64–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Loberant N, Barak M, Gaitini D, et al: Closure of the ductus venosus in neonates: Findings on realtime gray-scale, color-flow doppler, and duplex doppler sonography. AJR 1992; 159:1083–1085.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Yanai S, Minami T, Sonada K, et al: Patent ductus venosus associated with a hyperintense globus pallidum on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and pulmonary hypertension. Eur J Pediatr 1995; 154:526–529.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Farrant P, Meire HB, Karani J: Ultrasound diagnosis of portocaval anastomosis in infants—a report of eight cases. Br J Radiol 1996; 69:389–393.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Schild H, Schweden F, Braun B, et al: Aneurysm of the superior mesenteric vein. Radiology 1982; 145:641–642.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Thompson PB, Oldham KT, Bedi DG, et al: Aneurysmal malformation of the extrahepatic portal vein. Am J Gastroenterol 1986; 81:695–697.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Lee H-C, Yang Y-C, Shih S-L, et al: Aneurysmal dilatation of the portal vein. J Pediatr Gatroenterol Nutr 1989; 8:387–389.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Wanless IR, Mawdsley C, Adams R: On the pathogenesis of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver. Hepatology 1985; 5:1194–1200.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Shimamatsu K, Wanless IR: Role of ischemia in causing apoptosis, atrophy, and nodular hyperplasia in human liver. Hepatology 1997; 26:343–350.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Howard ER, Davenport M: Congenital extrahepatic portocaval shunts—the Abernethy malformation. J Pediatr Surg 1997; 32:494–497.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Friedman AC, Birns MT: Embryology, anatomy, histology and physiology (pancreas). In Radiology of the Liver, Biliary Tract, Pancreas and Spleen. Edited by Friedman A. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1987, pp 619–642.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Ravitch MM: The pancreas in infants and children. Surg Clin North Am 1975; 55:377–385.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Moore KL, Persaud TVN, editors: The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 6th ed. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1998, pp 280–283.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Skandalakis LJ, Rower JS, Gray SW, et al: Surgical embryology and anatomy of the pancreas. Surg Clin North Am 1993, pp 73:661–697.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Ross BA, Jeffrey RB Jr, Mindelzun RE: Normal variations in the lateral contour of the head and neck of the pancreas mimicking neoplasm: Evaluation with dual-phase helical CT. AJR 1996; 166:799–801.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Glazer G, Margulis A: Annular pancreas: Etiology and diagnosis using ERCP. Radiology 1979; 133:303–306.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Jadvar H, Mindelzun RE: Annular pancreas in adults: Imaging features in seven patients. Abdom Imaging 1999; 24:174–177.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Reinhart RD, Brown JJ, Foglia RP, et al: MR imaging of annular pancreas. Abdom Imaging 1994; 19:301–303.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Lecesne R, Stein L, Reinhold C, et al: MR cholangiopancreatography of annular pancreas. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1998, 22:85–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Lehman GA, Sherman S: Diagnosis and therapy of pancreas divisum. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 1998; 8:55–77.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Yedlin ST, Dubois RS, Philippart AI: Pancreas divisum: A cause of pancreatitis in childhood. J Pediatr Surg 1984; 19:793–794.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Wagner CW: Pancreas divisum and pancreatitis in children. Am Surg 1988; 54:22–25.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Sanada Y, Yoshizawa Y, Chiba M, et al: Ventral pancreatitis in a patient with pancreas divisum. J Pediatr Surg 1995; 30:655–667.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Lehman GA, Sherman S: Diagnosis and therapy of pancreas divisum. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 1998; 8:55–77.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Bret PM, Reinhold C, Taourel P, et al: Pancreas divisum: Evaluation with MR cholangiopancreatography. Radiology 1996; 199:99–103.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Wilding R, Schnedl WJ, Reisinger EC, et al: Agenesis of the dorsal pancreas in a woman with diabetes mellitus and in both of her sons. Gastroenterology 1993; 104:1182–1186.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Inoue Y, Nakamura H: Aplasia or hypoplasia of the pancreatic uncinate process: Comparison in patients with and patients without intestinal non-rotation. Radiology 1997; 205:531–533.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Herman TE, Siegel MJ: Polysplenia syndrome with congenital short pancreas. AJR 1991; 156:799–800.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Macari M, Giovanniello G, Blair L, et al: Diagnosis of agenesis of the dorsal pancreas with MR pancreatography. AJR 1998; 170:144–146.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Chuang VP, Pulmano CM, Walter JF, et al: Angiography of pancreatic artero-venous malformation. Br J Radiol 1977; 129:1015–1018.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Mizutani N, Masuda Y, Naito N, et al: Pancreatic arteriovenous malformation in a patient with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Am J Gastroenterol 1981; 176:141–144.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Koito K, Namieno T, Nakagawa T, et al: Diagnosis of arteriovenous malformation of the pancreas by color doppler sonography. Abdom Imaging 1998; 23:84–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Horton WA, Wong V, Eldridge R: von Hippel-Lindau disease: Clinical and pathological manifestations in nine families with 50 affected members. Arch Intern Med 1976; 136:769–777.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Hough DM, Stephens DH, Johnson CD, et al: Pancreatic lesions in von Hippel-Lindau disease: Prevalence, clinical significance, and CT findings. AJR 1994; 162:1091–1094.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Dachman AH: Anomalies and congenital disorders (spleen). In Radiology of the Liver, Biliary Tract, Pancreas and Spleen. Edited by A Friedman. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1987, pp 913–930.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Blaustein A: The Spleen. McGraw Hill, New York, 1963, p 45.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Curtis GM, Moritz D: The surgical significance of the accessory spleen. Ann Surg 1946; 123:276–298.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Beahrs JR, Stephens DH: Enlarged accessory spleens: CT appearance in postsplenectomy patients. AJR 1980; 135:483–486.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Churei H, Inoue H, Nakajo M: Intrapancreatic accessory spleen: case report. Abdom Imaging 1998; 23:191–193.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Ambiz P, Munoz R, Quintanar E, et al: Accessory spleen compromising response to splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura. Radiology 1985; 155:793–796.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Desai DC, Hebra A, Davidoff AM, et al: Wandering spleen: A challenging diagnosis. South Med J 1997; 90:439–443.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Buehner M, Baker MS: The wandering spleen. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1992; 175:373–387.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Allen KB, Gay BB Jr, Skandalakis JE: Wandering spleen: Anatomic and radiologic considerations. South Med J 1992; 85:976–984.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Hon TY, Chan CC, Loke T, et al: Torsion of the wandering spleen. Australas Radiol 1998; 42:258–261.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Fujiwara T, Takehara Y, Isoda H, et al: Torsion of the wandering spleen: CT and angiographic appearance. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1995; 19:84–86.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Vails C, Mones L, Guma A, et al: Torsion of a wandering accessory spleen: CT findings. Abdom Imaging 1998; 23:194–195.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Winer-Muram HT, Tonkin ILD, The spectrum of heterotaxic syndromes. Radiol Clin North Am 1989; 27:1147–1170.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Peoples WM, Moller HJ, Edwards JE: Polysplenia: A review of 146 cases. Pediatr Cardiol 1983; 4:129–137.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Gayer G, Apter S, Jonas T, et al: Polysplenia syndrome detected in adulthood: Report of eight cases and review of the literature. Abdom Imaging 1999; 24:178–184.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Davidson AJ: Radiologic anatomy of the kidney and ureter. In Radiology of the Kidney and Urinary Tract. Edited by AJ Davidson. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1994, pp 53–96.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Elkin M: Radiology of the Urinary System. Little Brown. Boston, 1980, pp 62–147.

    Google Scholar 

  125. Friedland GW, de Vries P: Renal ectopia and fusion: Embryologic basis. Urology 1975; 5:698–706.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. van den Ouden D, Blom JH, Bangma C, et al: Diagnosis and management of seminal vesicle cysts associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis: A pooled analysis of 52 cases. Eur Urol 1998; 33:433–440.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Friedland GW: Congenital anomalies of the urinary tract. In Uroradiology: An Integrated Approach. Edited by GW Friedland, R Filly, ML Goris, et al. Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1983, pp 1349–1519.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Gittes GK, Snyder CL, Murphy JP, et al: Inferior vena caval obstruction from a horseshoe kidney: Report of a case with operative decompression. J Pediatr Surg 1998; 33:764–765.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Rubenstein DJ, Brenner RJ: Misleading features of blind-ending bifid ureter on computerized tomography examination. J Urol 1985; 134:342–343.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Cilento BG Jr, Bauer SB, Retik AB, et al: Urachal anomalies: defining the best diagnostic modality. Urology 1998; 52(1):120–122.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Moore KL: The Developing Human. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1988:246–285.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Brookes M, Zietman A: Clinical Embryology: A color atlas and text. Boca Raton: CRC Press 1998; 240–243.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Bruce R. Javors M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hiromu Mori M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Morton A. Meyers M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ronald H. Wachsberg M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Javors, B.R., Mori, H., Meyers, M.A., Wachsberg, R.H. (2005). Clinical Embryology of the Abdomen: Normal and Pathologic Anatomy. In: Dynamic Radiology of the Abdomen. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-21804-1_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-21804-1_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-98845-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-21804-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation