Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
American National Standards Institute/Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (ANSI/IEEE). (1992). Standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic, fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz (Rep. C95.1-1992). New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
Balzano, Q., Garay, O., & Steel, F. R. (1978). Energy deposition in simulated human operators of 800-MHz portable transmitters. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 27 (4), 174–181.
Balzano, Q., Garay, O., & Manning, T. (1995). Electromagnetic energy exposure of simulated user of portable cellular telephones. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular technology, 44, 390–403.
Bassen, H. I., & Babij, T. M (1990). Experimental techniques and instrumentation. In O. P. Gandhi (Ed.), Biological effects and medical applications of electromagnetic energy (pp. 141–173). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Bassen, H. I., & Smith, G. S. (1983). Electric field probes: A review. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 31(5), 710–718.
Berenger, J. P. (1994). A perfect matched layer for the absorption of electromagnetic waves. Journal of Computational Physics, 114, 185–200.
Berntsen, S., & Hornsleth, S.N.(1994). Retarded time absorbing boundary conditions. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 42, 1059–1064.
CENELEC European Prestandard ENV 50166-2, (1995). Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields: High Frequency (10 kHz to 300 GHz), CENELEC Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
Chan, K.W. Microwave phantoms. Unpublished report.
Chatterjee, I., Gu, Y. G., & Gandhi, O. P. (1985). Quantification of electromagnetic absorption in humans from body-mounted communication transceivers. IEE E Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 34(1) 55–62.
Cheung, A. Y., & Koopman, D. W. (1976). Experimental development of simulated biomaterials for dosimetry studies of hazardous microwave radiation. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Technique, 24, 669.
Chou, C. K., Chen, G. W., Guy, A. W., & Luk, K. H. (1984). Formulas for preparing phantom muscle tissue at various radiofrequencies. Bioelectromagnetics, 5, 435–441
Cleveland, R. F., & Athey, T. W. (1989). Specific sbsorption rate (SAR) in models of the human head exposed to handheld UHF portable radios. Bioelectromagnetics, 10(2), 173–186.
CST. (1994). The MAFIA Collaboration. User’s Guide Mafia Version 3.x., Darmstadt, Germany: CST GmbH.
Cui, Y., Chen, J. Y., & Gandhi, O. P. (1995, June). Comparison ofvarious boundary conditions for SARs and radiation patterns of cellular telephones [abstract]. In The seventeenth annual meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics Society, Boston, Massachusetts abstract book. 31.
Dhondt, G. & Martens, L. (1994, November). A canonical case with an analytical solution for the comparison of electromagnetic field solvers. In D. Simunic (Ed.), Proceedings of the COST 244 Meeting on Reference Models for Bioelectropmagnetic Test of Mobile Communication Systems, Rome Italy 98–104.
Dimbylow, P. J., & Mann, S. M. (1994). SAR calculations in an anatomically based realistic model of the head for mobile transceivers at 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 39, 1537–1553.
Durney, C. H., Massoudi, H., & Iskander, M. F. (1986). Radiofrequency radiation dosimetry handbook(4th ed., Rep. No. USAFSAM-TR-85-73). Brooks Air Force Base, TX: USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Aerospace Medical Division.
Federal Communications Commission. (1994, June). Amendment of the Commission’s rules to establish new personal services (No. FCC, 94-144). Washington, DC: Federal Communications Commission.
Furse, C. M., & Gandhi, O. P. (1995, October). Validation of the FDTD method for canonical problems with near-field sources (Interim Report No. 1). Submitted to Wireless Technology Research, LLC, Washington, D.C.
Gabriel, C. (1996). Compilation of the Dielectric Properties of Body Tissues at RF and Microwave Frequencies (AL/OE-TR 1996-0037). Brooks Air Force Base, TX: Occupational and Environmental Health Directorate, Radiofrequency Radiation Division.
Gandhi, O. P. (1990). Numerical methods for specific absorption rate calculations. In O. P. Gandhi (Ed.), Biological effects and medical applications of electromagnetic energy (pp. 113–140). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Gandhi, O. P. (1995). Some numerical methods for dosimetry: Extremely low frequencies to microwave frequencies. Radio Science, 30, 161–177.
Gandhi, O. P., & Chen, J. Y. (1995). Electromagnetic absorption in the human head from experimental 6-GHz handheld transceivers. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 37, 547–558.
Gandhi, O. P., Chen, J. Y., & Wu, D. (1994, September). Electromagnetic absorption in the human head for mobile telephones at 835 and 1900 MHz. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC ’94, Rome, Italy, 1–5.
Gandhi, O. P., Gu, Y. G., Chen, J. Y., & Bassen, H. I. (1992). SAR and induced current distributions in a high-resolution anatomically based model of a human for plane-wave exposures 100–915 MHz. Health Physics, 63, 281–290.
Gandhi, O. P., Sedigh, K., Beck, G. S., & Hunt, E. L. (1976). Distribution of electromagnetic energy deposition in models of man with frequencies near resonance. In Biological effects of electromagnetic waves (Publication No. 77-8011, pp. 44–67). Rockville, MD: Bureau of Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
Guy, A. W., & Chou, C. K. (1986). Specific absorption rate of energy in man models exposed to cellular UHF mobile antenna fields. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Technique, 34(6), 671–680.
Hartsgrove, G., Kraszewski, A., & Surowiec, A. (1987). Simulated biological materials for electromagnetic radiation absorption studies. Bioelectromagnetics, 8, 29–36.
Hombach, V., Meier, K., Burkhardt, M., Tay, R., & Kuster, N. (1996). The dependence of EM energy absorption upon human head modeling at 1800 MHz. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Technique, 44, 1865–1873.
International Council on Radiation Protection (ICRP). (1992). Report of the task group on reference man (Rep No. 23). New York: PergamonPress.
Jensen, M. A., & Rahmat-Samii, Y. (1995). EM interaction of handset antennas and a human in personal communications. Proceedings of the IEEE, 83, 7–17.
Johnson, C. C., & Guy, A. W. (1972). Nonionizing electromagnetic wave effects in biological materials and systems. Proceedings of the IEEE, 60, 692–718.
King, R. W. P. (1993). The electromagnetic field of a horizontal electric dipole in the presence of a three-layered region: Supplement. Journal of Applied Physics, 74, 4845–4848.
Kunz, K. S., & Luebbers, R. J. (1993). The finite-difference time-domain method in electromagnetics, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Kuster, N. (1998). Compliance testing of handheld mobile communications equipment. In G. L. Carlo (Ed.), Wireless phones and health: Scientific progress (pp. 47–54). Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Press.
Kuster, N., & Balzano, Q. (1992). Energy absorption mechanism by biological bodies in the near field of dipole antennas above 300 MHz. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 41(1), 17–23.
Lazzi, G., & Gandhi, O. P. (1997). Realistically tilted and truncated anatomically based models of the human head for dosimetry of mobile telephones. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 39(1), 55–61.
Lentner, C. (Ed.). (1984). Geigy scientific tables. Basle, Switzerland: CIBA-GEIGY Limited.
Lin, J. C., & Gandhi, O. P. (1995). Computational methods for predicting field intensity. In C. Polk & E. Postow (Eds.), Handbook of biological effects of electromagnetic fields (pp. 337–402). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Mur, G. (1981). Absorbing boundary conditions for the finite-difference approximation of the time-domain electromagnetic-field equations. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 23, 337–382.
Schmid, T., Egger, O., & Kuster, N. (1996), Automated E-field scanning systems for dosimetric assessments. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Technique, 44 (1), 105–113.
Simunic, D. (Ed.). (1994, November). Reference models for bioelectromagnetic test of mobile communication systems. Proceedings of the COST 244 Meeting, Rome, Italy.
Stuchly, M. A., Spiegel, R. J., Stuchly, S. S., & Kraszewski, A (1986). Exposure of man in the near field of a resonant dipole: Comparison between theory and measurements. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 34, 26–31.
Stuchly, M. A., & Stuchly, S. S. (1995). Experimental radio and microwave dosimetry. In C. Polk & E. Postow (Eds.), Handbook of biological effects of electromagnetic fields (2nd ed., pp. 295–336). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc.
Stuchly, M. A., & Stuchly, S. S. (1980). Dielectric properties of biological substances — Tabulated. Journal of Microwave Power, 15, 19–26.
Taflove A. (1995). Computational electrodynamics: The finite-difference time-domain method. Dedham, MA: Artech House.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gandhi, O.P. (2002). Stata of the Science Regarding RF Dosimetry, Measurement, and Certification. In: Carlo, G.L., Supley, M., Hersemann, S.E., Thibodeau, P. (eds) Wireless Phones and Health. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46899-9_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46899-9_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-8347-5
Online ISBN: 978-0-306-46899-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive