Abstract
Although the EU accession is a relatively distant objective of Serbia the state signed the Bologna Declaration in 2001 and committed itself to introduce reforms in harmony with the Bologna principles until 2010. Optimistic statements dominate the internal reports of the accreditation organizations referring to quality of insurance and rationalization. Everybody accepts the need of creating harmony between the European and Serbian norms of the system of higher educational institutions and quality assurance. What is also emphasized is the compatibility with the European educational systems and rationality in higher education. The ambitions reforms are met by difficulties. Practical halts and the controversial standpoints of the reform actors slow the innovating efforts, especially as a result of the following habitual ideas: The faculties wish to remain autonomous legal entities and do not want to be integrated into various professional institutions. The faculties in their communication with the state focus only on the opinion of the Minister of Education and not on that of the alternative and consulting committees. The newly founded private faculties and colleges prove to be the quickest representatives and imitators of the European educational model, who indeed fill in certain gaps, but they also set in motion the conservative institutions that are indeed afraid of competition. Words mostly stressed by the leaders of state higher education (who are against the reforms) are “autonomy” and “quality”. State universities also refer to „academic freedom” when they negotiate with the economic management, and not with the state.
Zusammenfassung
Obwohl der EU-Beitritt ein relativ fernes Ziel von Serbien ist, 2001 unterzeichnete die Regierung die Erklärung von Bologna und hat sich verpflichtet, die Reformen im Einklang mit den Bologna-Prinzipien bis zum Jahr 2010 durchzuführen. Optimistische Aussagen dominieren die internen Berichte der Akkreditierungsorganisationen hinsichtlich der Qualität der Qualitätssicherungs- und Rationalisierungsmaßnahmen. Jeder akzeptiert die Notwendigkeit der Harmonisierung der europäischen und serbischen Normen bezüglich der Hochschulen und der Qualitätssicherung. Die Kompatibilität mit den europäischen Bildungssystemen und die Effektivität der Hochschulbildung sind ebenfalls wichtige Ziele. Die Reformbereitschaft birgt aber auch Schwierigkeiten. Die Verfasserin bemängelt, dass die praktische Haltung und die kontroversen Standpunkte der Reformakteure die innovativen Bemühungen verlangsamen: Die Fakultäten wollen rechtlich eigenständige Einheiten bleiben und wollen nicht in verschiedene professionelle Institutionen integriert werden. Die Fakultäten fokussieren in ihrer Kommunikation mit dem Staat nur auf die Stellungnahme des Ministers für Bildung und nicht auf die Meinung von Anderen, wie z. B. der Beratungskomitees. Die neu gegründeten privaten Hochschulen versuchen dagegen die eifrigsten Vertreter und Nachahmer des europäischen Bildungsmodells zu sein. Sie füllen in der Tat die bestehenden Lücken aus, und setzen die konservativen Institutionen, die Angst von ihrer Konkurrenz haben, in Bewegung. Die am meisten betonten Worte der Leiter der staatlichen Hochschulen (Gegner der Reformen) sind „Autonomie“ und „Qualität“. Die staatlichen Universitäten verweisen auch auf die „akademische Freiheit“, wenn sie mit dem Wirtschaftsmanagement und nicht mit dem Staat verhandeln.
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Molnár, I. (2014). The Bologna Process in Serbia: With a Special Focus on the Situation of the Higher Education of Vojvodina. In: Kozma, T., Rébay, M., Óhidy, A., Szolár, É. (eds) The Bologna Process in Central and Eastern Europe. Studien zur international vergleichenden Erziehungswissenschaft. Schwerpunkt Europa - Studies in International Comparative Educational Science. Focus: Europe.. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-02333-1_9
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