Skip to main content

Improving Depth-First PN-Search: 1 + ε Trick

  • Conference paper
Computers and Games (CG 2006)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 4630))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Various efficient game problem solvers are based on PN-Search. Especially depth-first versions of PN-Search like DF-PN or PDS – contrary to other known techniques – are able to solve really hard problems. However, the performance of DF-PN and PDS decreases drastically when the search space significantly exceeds the available memory. A straightforward enhancement trick to overcome this problem is presented. Experiments on Atari Go and Lines of Action show great practical value of the proposed enhancement.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Allis, L.V., van der Meulen, M., van den Herik, H.J.: Proof-Number Search. Artificial Intelligence 66, 91–124 (1994)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. Breuker, D.M., Uiterwijk, J.W.H.M., van der Herik, H.J.: Replacement Schemes and Two-Level Tables. ICCA J. 19(3), 175–180 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Breuker, D.M., Uiterwijk, J.W.H.M., van der Herik, H.J.: The PN2-Search Algorithm. In: van den Herik, H.J., Monien, B. (eds.) 9th Advances in Computer Games (ACG9), pp. 115–132. Department of Computer Science, Universiteit Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kishimoto, A., Müller, M.: Search Versus Knowledge for Solving Life and Death Problems in Go. In: Twentieth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-05), pp. 1374–1379 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Nagai, A.: A New AND/OR Tree Search Algorithm using Proof Number and Disproof Number. In: Proceeding of Complex Games Lab Workshop, pp. 40–45, Tsukuba, ETL (November 1998)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Nagai, A.: Df–pn Algorithm for Searching AND/OR Trees and its Applications. Ph.d. thesis, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Seo, M., Iida, H., Uiterwijk, J.W.H.M.: The PN*–Search Algorithm: Application to Tsume-Shogi. Artificial Intelligence 129(1–2), 253–277 (2001)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  8. Winands, M.H.M.: Mark’s LOA Homepage (2007), http://www.cs.unimaas.nl/m.winands/loa/

  9. Winands, M.H.M., Uiterwijk, J.W.H.M., van den Herik, H.J.: An Effective Two-Level Proof-Number Search Algorithm. Theoretical Computer Science 313(3), 511–525 (2004)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

H. Jaap van den Herik Paolo Ciancarini H. H. L. M. (Jeroen) Donkers

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Pawlewicz, J., Lew, Ł. (2007). Improving Depth-First PN-Search: 1 + ε Trick. In: van den Herik, H.J., Ciancarini, P., Donkers, H.H.L.M.(. (eds) Computers and Games. CG 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4630. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75538-8_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75538-8_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-75537-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-75538-8

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics