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Alexandrium tamarense/catenella Blooms in the Southwestern Atlantic: Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Production and Its Trophic Transference

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Plankton Ecology of the Southwestern Atlantic

Abstract

Some species of the dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium (Halim) Balech produce potent neurotoxins called saxitoxins (STXs), which can be accumulated in several invertebrates whose ingestion can cause the human intoxication named paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). Many of these STXs are transferred through the food chain and thus can also affect a variety of wildlife. The species A. tamarense/catenella were mainly responsible for PSP in Southwestern Atlantic. However, unexpected patterns of diversity in genetic, reproductive compatibility, toxicity, and physiological response were found in several studies. The present review seeks to provide a broad overview of the species A. tamarense/catenella distribution, their toxicity and toxin composition in clonal isolates, and natural populations, using historical plankton, cyst, and toxin records. Also, the metabolic changes that occur in the toxic composition of primary and secondary consumers and the impact produced by their transference through the food chain are evaluated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Mar del Plata, Argentina

    Nora G. Montoya, Mario O. Carignan & José I. Carreto

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  1. Nora G. Montoya
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  2. Mario O. Carignan
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  3. José I. Carreto
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Correspondence to Nora G. Montoya .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. CONICET, Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía, Bahía Blanca, Argentina

    Mónica S. Hoffmeyer

  2. CONICET, INIDEP, Mar del Plata, Argentina

    Marina E. Sabatini

  3. Universidade de São Paulo, Oceanographic Institute, São Paulo, Brazil

    Frederico P. Brandini

  4. Universidad de la Republica, Facultad de Ciencias+CURE, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Danilo L. Calliari

  5. Laboratorio de Hidrobiología, Universidad de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Trelew, Argentina

    Norma H. Santinelli

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Montoya, N.G., Carignan, M.O., Carreto, J.I. (2018). Alexandrium tamarense/catenella Blooms in the Southwestern Atlantic: Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Production and Its Trophic Transference. In: Hoffmeyer, M., Sabatini, M., Brandini, F., Calliari, D., Santinelli, N. (eds) Plankton Ecology of the Southwestern Atlantic. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77869-3_20

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