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The Way Forward: Translation

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Advances in Geroscience

Abstract

Chronological age is the largest risk factor for most of the age-related diseases that account for the bulk of morbidity, mortality, and health costs in developing and developed countries. These disorders, including dementias, atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancers, and arthritis among many others, share predisposing pathogenic mechanisms with processes associated with aging, including low-grade “sterile” inflammation, cellular senescence, accumulation of damaged macromolecules, and stem and progenitor cell dysfunction. These processes are the targets of many of the genetic, environmental, and pharmacological interventions that appear to be effective in extending lifespan in lower mammals. Early indications suggest these interventions may also impact healthspan and resilience, and delay age-related disorders in animal models. Because fundamental aging mechanisms are frequently conserved across a wide range of species, these interventions may be translatable into clinical treatments to prevent, delay, alleviate, or reverse a range of age-related chronic disorders in humans. A great deal of effort to complete the preclinical, clinical proof-of-concept, and formal clinical trials acceptable to regulatory agencies will be required for this to be achieved. Here, we consider some of the interventions that hold promise, the process of translating them into clinical applications, potential clinical conditions for which agents that target fundamental aging mechanisms may be first tested, personnel and resources needed to do so, and regulatory and intellectual property issues in developing feasible interventions. Although the path to clinical application of agents that target fundamental aging mechanisms will likely be difficult, tortuous, and possibly lengthy, the potential to transform health care as we know it is unparalleled.

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Acknowledgements

The author is grateful for the advice and ideas shared by members of the Geroscience Network supported by NIH grant R24AG044396.

Editor: Francesca Macchiarini, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aging Research, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    James L. Kirkland M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Department of Medicine, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    Tamar Tchkonia Ph.D.

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  1. James L. Kirkland M.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to James L. Kirkland M.D., Ph.D. .

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  1. National Inst. of Aging Division of Aging Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    Felipe Sierra

  2. National Inst on Aging/ National Inst of Health, Division of Aging Biology, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    Ronald Kohanski

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© 2016 Springer International Publishing

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Kirkland, J.L., Tchkonia, T. (2016). The Way Forward: Translation. In: Sierra, F., Kohanski, R. (eds) Advances in Geroscience. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23246-1_19

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23246-1_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-23245-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-23246-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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